The Discourse On Method Part V

Is Martha right in her idea that the robot cannot think, which is why it could never be a duplication of a human, such as Ash? This paper shall attempt to demonstrate the validity of artificial intelligence’s inability to be thinking, conscious entities via Black Mirror’s “Be Right Back” episode by supporting it with Descartes’ Dualism theory.

In Part V of his Discourse, Descartes continues his argument for reasoning being the essence of humanity by arguing that non-human animals and machines cannot reason, and therefore reasoning must be solely attributed to humans. Descartes presents two tests to determine whether or not a being is human or non-human, both based on the adaptability of the being’s responses. He first asserts that since machines and non-human animals cannot communicate via spoken

Descartes is one of the most important western philosophers of the past few centuries. His greatest and most famous work is Discourse on the Method. In this book Descartes questions his own existence, and knowledge that he obtained from different sources. Main arguments of the book are well developed by a logical pattern and supported by examples. However, closely investigating this work, readers can come across many controversies and disputations.

The term “ape” has been associated with imitation based on the behavioral research carried out on apes that has shown that apes are good imitators. Many primatologists who are against animal culture have argued that the learning of behaviors by apes is not a form of social transmission but rather simple imitation. De Waal seems to refute the scientific meaning of imitation which is defined by goals, rewards and punishments. I think de Waal makes a compelling argument for the complexity of imitations. He proposes three criteria for one to imitate which include; identification, understanding the goal and having background knowledge on the task. Imitations contain learning aspects within them. If they did not, human beings for example would be able to do any physical activity that they wanted to, which is not the case.

In one experiment, young wild-born chimpanzees and Children aged 3-4 years were shown how to get a little reward out of a puzzle box. In the first condition of the experiment the puzzle box was transparent, whereas in the second condition the puzzle box was opaque. If the box was opaque chimps and children were unable to look at the internal workings of the puzzle box and were unable to inquire which steps were necessary and which were not. In this condition, both, children and chimps, copied all the actions shown by the demonstrator. However, if the puzzle box was transparent, and children and chimps were able to distinguish which steps were necessary and which were not, chimps only

If Artificial intelligence is created will the statement “I think therefore I Am.” apply to them?

He does accept that animals are alive and that they do feel. However, their feelings depend on the organs of the body and not on a mind like Humans. It would seem that the definition of intelligence and thinking used by Descartes is fulfilled sufficiently by the ability to use language. I would ask, however, why is it sufficient to think that by using language something is deemed to

He asserts that the senses are key in obtaining knowledge, and human intellect is based on what is given to us by our ancestors from birth. For Descartes, human knowledge depends on absolute certainty. Since perception is unreliable according to Descartes, certain knowledge cannot come from the outside world via the senses (Descartes, 76). In other words, we cannot always trust what we see, hear, feel, touch, and smell, for judgments made on the basis of these are often misconceived. For example, we see a tower in the distance that looks to be a cylinder, but when we take a closer look we see that it is in fact a square-shaped tower. Descartes also focused on dreams and how sometimes dreams are look and feel so real to the point that we don’t know if it is a dream or if the incident is really happening. Descartes ellaborates on and expresses his doubt saying " what if we are all be deceived by an evil genius (instead of GOD)? What if such a being is tricking us all? Could we really know

He, then, must prove that our errors are caused by something else. Thus, if to err is human, it’s because men are misusing the faculties God has given to them. But to confirm this, descartes has to consider what are these faculties. He attributes the source of errors to the faculty of intellect and the faculty of choice or freedom of the will. Since intellect can only help discern ideas which are subject to possible judgment, it cannot be a source of error. Hence, the will should be the reason behind our errors but Descartes believes that we share the same will as God’s therefore it is infinite and perfect since it’s one of God’s characteristics. This still leaves us with no answer for our question. Therefore, Descartes develops his idea by admitting that since our intellect is limited, our understanding is not complete and a little confused. But since our will is infinite we can still choose to judge anything even what we fail

In order for Descartes to be right he must have proof that humans cannot live with a divided brain. In order for that to be true then it would not be possible that our brains would be able to have our two separated hemispheres that have separate conscious awareness’s. The brain is made up of the left hemisphere and a right hemisphere. The left hemisphere provides consciousness for the right side of our bodies. It is also responsible for our art awareness. And then the right hemisphere provides consciousness for the left side of our bodies. Which is responsible for analytical awareness. This is not the only things that Descartes needs in order for his argument to be right.

Before one can establish a morally permissible approach to creating an artificial human-like intelligence, the origin of human consciousness must be determined in order to find a viable method of recreation. It would then become evident that problem of morality in conscious machines lies not in the method of its construction, as it is the necessary means to an end, but the act of creation itself as well as the "upbringing" of the machine comparable to that of a human being.

Aside from the biological image, humans have also been seen to be like a machine. The mechanical image started when there was a boom in technology; around the time robots came about. Some say that man is like a machine in the sense that man is a complex system behaving in lawful ways. Because of physics, it is a known fact that all things have their own distinct features according to a finite number of fixed laws. Everything happens according to strict forces controlled by the universe. So humans, like machines are programmed by a higher being. While everything does have certain laws that

To get a clear understanding of what causes workplace violence, negativity and employees not speaking up within an organization a Quantitative research survey methods will be used, “primary and secondary research”. In the primary research a survey will be presented to participants to gain insight on their feeling toward workplace violence, negativity and employees refusing to speak up about the occurrence within their work environment. The secondary research to help assist in the study will come from books and articles written on, how to prevent violence, negativity and assists employees on how to voice their opinions in the workplace. The research will be divided into five sections:

Attention routines will probably be abundant and used in a specific way. I will use many chants and call backs to get my students’ attention during times of transition or to grab their attention. Some of the most frequently used ones are below. There are so many times when I will need to grab the students’ attention to get them to line up, ready to learn, back on task, or ready to move on in our learning and these call backs require that students let me know that they are paying attention and that they are transitioning or refocusing. Some will be effective and some will need adjusting. I will have to experiment each year with each new group of students and make adjustments as needed.

While conducting research there are many different methods in which to find out results. It is essential to use and carry out the best form of research technique in order to gain the best and most accurate results for the intended piece of research. Firstly the researcher should be able to identify if they need primary or secondary research to gain data upon before they start identifying which different techniques they should use. Primary research looks into a topic or choice that no other researcher has yet to conduct. It may be a brand new topic, possibly research into a new company, medicine, or new piece legislation and its affects. Primary research tends to gain results from qualitative methods such as