The Discovery Of The New World

Technologies, diseases, religions, and ideas were spread from Europe, Africa, and Asia (the Old World) to the Americas (the New World). Some diseases from the Old World were smallpox, measles, and malaria. A disease from the New World was syphilis. Animals from the Old World were horses, cattle, pigs, cows,

In “The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas,” the authors point out that there were two channels in the transfer of food crops. One are unknown tropical spcies from the New World, which has affected on the growth of local cuisines. They are rich in calories and improving taste and vitamin intake. Otherwise, the Old World also brought certain crops. America gave a plenty of land that helped response the high food demand, and became the main supplies for Old World markets. In this way, they unknowingly carried many Old World diseases, such as smallpox, meales, and other diseases. They were unfamiliar to the Native America and they never had developed immunity to such disease. By the early 1600’s, the population of Indians decreased nearly 90%. Furthermore, Columbus’ sailors encountered sexually with native women Indians so that they brought the deadly bacteria unwittingly back to Europe. This reason led slavery system traded from Africa for labor requirement for cotton and tobacco plantation

In 1492 the explorer Columbus set out on his first voyage for Spain in search of a direct water route across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe to Asia. Instead though, he found the Americas. Once in the New World Columbus ran into a native people and decided to name them Indians. This accidental finding of the Americas ignited the first contact ever between the Western and Eastern hemisphere. The result of this was The Columbian Exchange in which there was a large trade of animals, plants, technology, culture, slaves, diseases, and even new religions. This exchange effected the way Europeans, Americans, Asians, and Africans lived their daily lives. The Columbian exchange was by far one of the most paramount events in the history of world technology, agriculture, culture, and ecology. In this research paper the following will be answered:

This event during 1492 was a global diffusion of plants, animals, humans and diseases (Drame, Lecture notes). This system of mass immigration from and into Europe, Americas, Africa and Asia, resulting from explorations allowed for a diffusion of knowledge, language and culture as well. New foods were being produced in different places of the world such as potatoes in Ireland during 1840 and oranges in California. Wheat, cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, chickens, papayas, and pineapples were available in places of the world that had never seen these animals and food before. This global diffusion did have negative consequences such as contagious diseases including plague, smallpox, measles, whooping cough and influenza. However, overall, the Columbian exchange resulted in an increase in the world's population because of a greater availability of food as well as the discovery of antibiotics and vaccines. The discovery of different

- The Columbian Exchange was a worldwide transfer of plants, animals, and diseases. Before Columbian Exchanged certain foods were not in European meals such as, corn, potatoes, and different kinds of beans – (kidney, lima), peanuts, and peppers. The same for the Native Americans, certain foods were not a part of the culture such as, rice, wheat, barley, oats, melons, Kentucky bluegrass, and dandelions. The diseases the European’s as well as the slaves carried over, they effected the Native Americans greatly and caused millions to die. These diseases consisted of smallpox’s,

The diseases that were brought over to the “New World”, includes Syphilis, Polio, Hepatitis, Encephalitis, and many other types of illnesses brought by the European. This had

When the Europeans had their first contact to the New World, it had a great impact on the spread of diseases that would wiped more than eighty to ninety percent of indigenous population. Neither Europeans nor Native Americans had medicine to fight the diseases. But Europeans had developed throughout the year’s immunities to fight diseases back in their homeland, so they were in a big advantage over the scarce resource that the Native Americans had. One of the main disease that killed millions of indigenous groups was called smallpox. Europeans had been exposed to many diseases throughout their history, in the Old World it was common for children at a young age to be infected with smallpox. So with advanced treatments with smallpox in the Old World, they had a different perspective on how to control these type of diseases. Many indigenous groups had not developed an immunities to fight smallpox. Reference to the book were it mentions that smallpox specifically means not the disease but the pimpled, pustules appearance which is the most obvious symptom of the disease (Crosby, p 43). As a result, many indigenous groups needed to find refuge due to the high percentage of deaths caused by European conquest and

The Europeans brought multiple diseases to the New World including smallpox, chickenpox, the flu, and yellow fever.

The Europeans exploration of the Americas has changed the course of history forever. Before the “discovery” of the Americas, the Eastern world was entirely separated from the West. People in Europe, Africa, and Asia traded exclusively amongst themselves, and likewise in the Americas. After the Spanish and the Portuguese had explored and claimed much of the new world, things began to change considerably. The new world became a colony for European nations to provide raw materials for them and help their economies. This affected the lives of many natives who had already been living in the Americas. Many were killed by the diseases the Europeans brought over, and some were even killed by the Europeans for sport. Despite these negative outcomes, there were some good effects from this. The Europeans earned many new goods, such as pineapples, potatoes, turkeys, and tomatoes. The Europeans also brought over some goods, such as many types of livestock (cattle, horses, and chickens) as well as some fruit and

In 1492, after Columbus’s arrival in the Caribbean, the Columbian Exchange began. The trade of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old and New World brought several new experiences to both the Natives and the Europeans. Both groups felt the repercussions, beneficial and destructive, which will be explained in this essay.

The Columbian Trade was the far reaching exchange of plants, creatures, culture, human populaces, innovation, and thoughts between the Americas and the Old World in the fifteenth and sixteenth hundreds of years, identified with European colonization and exchange after Christopher Columbus' 1492 voyage. Intrusive species, including transmittable infections, were a result of the Trade. The adjustments in horticulture altogether modified and changed worldwide populaces. In any case, the most noteworthy quick effect of the Columbian Trade was the social trades and the exchange of individuals between mainlands.

The development of the New World relied upon the buying and trading of slaves, as African Americans were critical labor force for plantations and construction crews that lead to the development of the Americas. During the course of slavery, ship Captains, Plantation owners and slaves composed journals of there their trips, tribulations and daily life. The stories and details vary, depending on who is recounting the tails, but one constant found throughout is that the poor treatment of slaves was evident. Even in journals written by people like Captain Phillips, who wrote about how he made his lively hood off of selling and buying African Americans, the inhuman treatment could be seen even though he had no intention of writing about it. On the other hand there are journals from African slaves, such as Harriet Jacobs, that served the purpose to detail the difficulties they faced and their harsh treatment rather than how they made money for their owners. No matter which stories one reads the sense of African slaves being treated inhumanly and like products in a store for the economic growth and profit for private traders can be seen.

Diamond goes into incredible detail, especially in his chapter “The Lethal Gift of Livestock” of his proposed history of germs in relation to humans. He considers the difference in domesticated animals in the old world and new world, attributes their power to the downfall of the Incan and Aztec empires when he writes, “...the most advanced native societies of North America...their destruction was accomplished largely by germs alone.”(373-373, Diamond) It is fact that populations

In modern America, we often take for granted the natural world that surrounds us and the American culture which is built upon it. For many of us, we give little thought to the food sources that sustain and natural habitats that surround us because when viewed for what they are, most people assume that they have “simply existed” since the country was founded. However, the documentary ‘America Before Columbus’ provided this writer an extremely interesting record of how the America we know came to exist. In the documentary, one of the most interesting discussions centered on the fact that it was not merely the arrival of conquistadors and colonists that irrevocably changed the landscape of the Americas, but that it was also the coined term known as the “Columbian Exchange” that afforded these travelers the ability to proliferate so successfully. The basic definition of the Columbian exchange is one that defines the importation of European flora and fauna. It could also loosely represent other imports, both intended and unintended, such as tools, implements, and even disease. Armed with this definition, it takes little imagination to envision how differently the Americas might have developed had any significant amount of the native European flora, fauna, or other unintended import not been conveyed to the Americas through the Columbian Exchange. Beyond the arrival of explorers, settlers, and colonists to the New World, the breadth of what the Columbian Exchange represented to

After reports of Columbus’s discoveries had reached them, the Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella enlisted papal support for their claims to the New World in order to inhibit the Portuguese and other possible rival claimants. The Spanish-born pope Alexander VI issued bulls setting up a line of demarcation from pole to pole 100 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands. Spain was given exclusive rights to all newly discovered and undiscovered lands in the region west of the line. Portuguese expeditions were to keep to the east of the line. Neither power was to occupy any territory already in the hands of a Christian ruler. No other European powers facing the Atlantic Ocean ever accepted this papal disposition or the subsequent agreement deriving