The Discovery, Structure, Metabolic Processes, Regulation And The Genome Of The Chloroplast Essay

There are two main types of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a which absorbs wavelengths of 430nm (blue) and 662 (red) and is the main photosynthetic pigment, and chlorophyll b, which doesn’t directly participate in the photosynthetic process, but is capable of donating its energy to chlorophyll a

Photosynthesis occurs each time the sun’s light reaches the lives of a plant. The chemical ingrediants for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide (CO2), a gas that passes from the air into a plant via tiny pores, and water (H20), which absorbed from the soil by the plant’s roots. Inside leaf cells, tiny structures called chloroplasts use light energy to rearrange the atoms of the ingrediants to produce sugars, most importantly glucose (C6H12O6) and other organic molecules. Chlorophyll gives the plant its green color (Simon, 02/2012, pp. 92-93). Chemical reactions transfers the sun’s light energy into the chemical bonds that hold energy-carrying molecules. The most common are

Photosynthesis is the process that takes place in plants and some algae in which light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy and is stored in the bonds of sugar. All plants need to make sugar is light energy, carbon dioxide, and water. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of the plant cell, where the process utilizes chlorophyll. The parts of a chloroplast include the inner and outer membranes, stroma, and thylakoids that are stacked

Chloroplast: An organelle bounded by a double membrane containing the enzymes and pigments that perform

If plants didn’t have chloroplast, life as we know it would not be here. We would all die because we could not get energy from the sun. We get our energy from the sun by either from eating plants or eating animals that eat the plants that get there energy from the sun. The chloroplasts are responsible for harvesting and turning sunlight into energy. Another reason we would all be dead is because plants give us oxygen and if we did not have oxygen we could all get carbon dioxide poisoning.

Chloroplasts are important photosynthetic organelles that present in plant cells. It is believed that chloroplasts evolve from an endosymbiotic event; engulfment of a photosynthetic cyanobacterium by a large heterotrophic host cell (1, 2). During this process proteins in the cyanobacterium has been transferred to the nucleus and also the proteins that are essential for organelle biogenesis has been transferred to the cyanobacterium making it dependent on the host. Although chloroplast proteins have estimated to consist of 3500-4000 different types of polypeptides, the protein coding capacity in chloroplast genes is approximately 200 polypeptides (3, 4). This data further suggest that most of the proteins found in chloroplast are encode by nuclear genome and transport to the chloroplast. At least, a few proteins are use secretory pathway in which first targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum and then transfer to the chloroplast through vesicles (5-7).

As sunlight is absorbed by the plants they stars the process of photosynthesis. When chlorophyll absorbs the light energy, an electron gains energy and it is excited. This excited electron is transferred to other molecule which is called primary electron acceptor. The chlorophyll molecule is oxidized and has a positive charge on it. This results in the splitting of water molecule and the transfer of energy to ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and reduce NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate).ATP is an energy source and NADP is an electron donor. They both plays important role in the photosynthesis process. Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves of plants

Light  C6H12 O6(Glucose) + O2. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast. The chloroplast is an organelle made up of different parts that all work together. First you have the chloroplast as a whole. Then you have the outer membrane of the chloroplast.

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts absorbs sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide to produce sugars. Chloroplasts have similar jobs like the windows at the Westminster Mall. It provides sunlight and photosynthesis for the people that are inside like organelles that are inside of a

3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are both circular or ovoid in shape, surrounded by double phosopholipid bilayers, have an intermembrane, and both are involved in ATP production by way of proton gradient. Also, both have ATP-synthases and electron transport chains appearing on the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast and on the cristae of mitochondria.

b. As well as in making sugars, chloroplasts are important in making other essential plant products, such as fats, oils, scents, and proteins.

The chloroplast consists of an outermembrane and innermembrane for protection, stomata in order for the carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit the plants, a dense fluid surrounding the membranes called the stroma, sacs called thylakoids, and chlorophyll which is the pigment that gives the leaves their color. Like the mitochondria, the chloroplast contains its own set of DNA, which gives the idea that they “evolved from symbiotic bacteria, specifically, that they descended from cyanobacteria” to scientists. In addition, scientist discovered that the chloroplast DNA was, in fact, “cyanobacterial DNA.” This discovery significantly proved the theory and allowed many scientists to approve of

Plant Cells help us in many ways.Plant Cells provide oxygen for us to breath. They make oxygen for us from a process called photosynthesis. Then your cells perform cellular respiration to make ATP. Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are connected through an important relationship. Their formulas are the exact opposite. Cellular respiration formula is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O and photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6+ 6O2.Photosynthesis makes glucose which then is turned back into carbon dioxide.In photosynthesis water is being broken down and in cellular respiration water is being combined with hydrogen to form water. The released oxygen is for cellular respiration. We breath the oxygen and the oxygen goes through our blood and cells. Photosynthesis happens everyday. Photosynthesis starts with the sun. It needs light to happen in the chlorophyll. The light is absorbed by the cell and starts the photosynthesis process. They then produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water. The glucose can be converted into pyruvate which releases ATP. Photosynthesis takes place in the chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is this green pigment inside the plant cell. It is a complex molecule. There are several modifications among

Without photosynthesis we would not be able to receive energy. We should be more appreciate of plants, without them we would not survive. This paper will explain the basic components require for photosynthesis, the role of chlorophyll, how energy is transferred, and photosystems I and II and the most precious product results of photosynthesis.

Plant cells also have other parts – a cell wall, a vacuole, and chloroplasts. The cell wall around the outside of the cell membrane of every plant cell there is a cell wall. Are very strong and they help to give plant cells their shape. The vacuole inside every plant cell is like a bag filled with water. It helps to give the plant cell its shape and they make the plant stem stand up. The chloroplasts in plant cells are very important. They give plant leaves and stems their green color, and they help the plant to make food like Sugar. Plant cells can make sugar from store energy from the sunlight and they have to collect water and carbon dioxide. This process is called