Why do historians perspectives differ in relation to the dropping of the atomic bomb on Japan? Sub Issues Questions: Scott Carroll The dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima on August 6th, 1945 and Nagasaki on August 9th, 1945 was the first and last time the weapon has been used to date; the atomic explosions exposed the true potential of nuclear warfare whilst also highlighting the global superiority that America possessed at the conclusion of World War II. On August 6th, 1945 “Little Boy”, a uranium atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima in an effort by the United States (U.S.) and backed by the Soviet Union, the British and the Chinese to force a Japanese surrender. However, American intelligence suggested no evidence of Japanese …show more content…
At the other end of the spectrum, counter revisionists tend to lean towards the necessity for the bomb and its use as a means to end the Pacific War. The historiography of the dropping of the bomb has been controversial, as the explanations and justifications for the use of the bomb and it’s subsequent consequences have been widely disputed, with concern amongst historians sparking debate on the moral, diplomatic and military justifications. The three historians that I will be examining will be; Harry S. Truman, Gar Alperovitz and Richard B. Frank, whilst these historians deliver a range of valid perspectives on the decision to drop the bomb there are a range of influences that must be acknowledged first which invariably influence each historians argument. Harry S. Truman’s memoirs, Memoirs By Harry S. Truman: 1945 Year of Decisions (1955) provides a valuable insight into the decision to use the bomb and argues from a traditionalist viewpoint. A major influence in Truman’s source is his motive to exonerate himself in history as he “spent most [of] his post-presidential years guarding and constructing his legacy and place in history”. This notion is derived from Truman’s consciousness of history, constructing his memoirs 10 years from the event which was stemmed from his “desire for fair treatment by future historians” and to avoid being titled as the President that inhumanely dropped nuclear weapons on civilians.
The sources used are a variety of books and academic articles which explain differing reasons on Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bomb. The sources drawn on also include The Private Papers of Harry S. Truman and his letters to his wife. The publication dates range from 1965 to 2013. As this essay explains alternative factors which influenced Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bomb, it draws especially on the words of Truman and the words of his Secretary of State, James F. Byrnes. The historian Gar Alperovitz challenges the traditionalist perspective, that the bomb was dropped to end the war without the casualties of a ground invasion, claiming that Truman had political intentions when deciding on using the bomb against Japan. Historians,
President Harry Truman determined to release nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was the optimum decision of circumstances that supported the surrender of Japan in World War 2. Many arguments will doubt the atomic bombs had made results any better. While, the other handful of individuals, supporting Truman’s authorization, have considerable justification. Toss away the reasons for disagreement and contemplate the motives that lead descending atomic bombs as the right choice of a weapon.
President Truman’s Chief of Staff, Admiral Leahy, argued in Document 2 that Japan was ready to surrender before the “barbarous” atomic bomb was dropped. Admiral Leahy compared the act of dropping the bomb to the standards of the Dark Ages, and said wars “cannot be won by destroying women and children.” The author in Document 4 reaffirmed Admiral Leahy’s statement by saying that the use of this bomb threatened the notion of morality. He asserted that both “international law,” and the “concept of right and wrong” are meaningless if governments can so easily choose to “annihilate” such a large amount of people with “one stroke.” Document 6 gives an eyewitness account which describes the devastation and aftermath of the bombing.
1. Long after World War II and the use of the atomic bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki, a great debate remains. It seems that there are two main potential arguments as to why the bombs were detonated and whether or not they were even necessary to begin with. The first theory surrounds the notion of the national security interests of the United States. In this theory essentially, Truman’s actions had been defended and justified as necessary in order to quickly end the war with U.S. causalities kept to a minimum.
On August 7, 1945 the headline of the front page of the New York Times read: First Atomic Bomb Dropped on Japan; Missile is Equal to 20,000 Tons of TNT: Truman Warns Foe of a “Rain of Ruin.”1 Now the debate between historians on the question of whether Truman’s decision to use the atomic bomb was correct or not had begun.
Many debates have been provoked based on President Truman's decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. The debate is not solely based on the bomb being dropped, but more on the actual necessity and intention of the bomb being dropped.
President Harry S. Truman decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan is perhaps the most controversial act of policy in United States history. One of the many different reasons given for the use of this weapon was the shock effect it would produce in the Japanese foreign policy circle. While the shock of the Japanese will be discussed later, it is important to note that it had a similar effect on the west. This shock effect has caused countless authors to speculate as to the motivation behind, and effects of this revolutionary weapon.
decision to bomb Japan was mainly focused on Truman's confrontational approach to the Soviet Union.”Moreover, this subject is thought to be more appropriately thought as a side benefit of dropping the bomb and not so much its sole purpose.
While the facts of Truman’s decision to drop the bombs have been evaluated time and time again, just as public opinion regarding the bombs has evolved over time, so has the context in which the history of the event must be evaluated. While historians of generations past may simply have examined Truman’s rationale for dropping the bomb, those who continue to be intrigued by the issue demand an explanation in-tune with current sentiment regarding the bomb drop. They require a full-scale examination of the many complex legal and moral facets of the issue. Thus, this paper strives to give them what they desire: initially, an in-depth investigation into the evidence available for President Truman in making his decision to drop the bomb; second, a discussion of universal wartime morality, its implications on World War II and the bomb drop, and a look at how the concept of total war may have reshaped the laws of war; third, an evaluation of the atomic bombing with regards to international law; and finally, a look at the bombing through the Presidential powers enumerated in the United States Constitution. These key facets of the issue will provide readers with a comprehensive examination of the bomb drop issue that attempts to reevaluate the validity
This investigation assesses to what extent the atomic bomb was necessary to end the Second World War. This investigation will be limited to the years 1939 to 1945, the duration of World War II, to assess the justifications for the bombing. However, this investigation will also examine sources as recent as the 2010s to evaluate the objective necessity of the bombing because it has remained a consistently controversial topic despite the time difference. Additionally, the necessity of the bomb is a matter that is independent from the initial bombing because its effect went beyond just ending the war, and, contextually, it is essential to examine its causes and effects with respect to events both before and after the war. Throughout this investigation, novels, memoirs, and web articles will be analyzed with evaluations of their origins, purpose, values, and limitations.
In August 1945, America dropped two Atomic bombs on Japan in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The two bombings killed at least 130,000 people and were the first and last use of nuclear weapons in warfare.
The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are generally seen as successes in Truman’s presidency, although there are a large number of people who see it as a failure as well as a horrendous crime against humanity. However, by making the decision to
The research question of this essay is “To what extent was the atomic bombing of Japan at the end of the Second World War Justified? In 1945, the United States authorized the dropping of the atomic bomb on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The first bomb, dropped on August 6th 1945, had a total casualty rate of 135,000, including non-combatant civilians, and as this, the atomic bombing of Japan at the end of the Second World War has indeed been a hugely discussed topic within academic and social circles until today. There have been historians, academics, and other influential individuals throughout the world who have argued on both sides of the spectrum regarding the effects of the bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and whether they were necessary and justified towards the ending of the conflict. According to the Center For Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), by 1944, it had become clear to both the United States and the Empire of Japan that Japan was indeed losing the war, and as this, there are many arguments and counterarguments regarding the effectiveness of the atomic bombing of Japan, as well as suggestions regarding alternatives due to the enormous human toll the bomb caused.
When President Harry S. Truman ordered the nuclear attack on Hiroshima on the 6th of August, 1945, most people were supportive of it because it ended the war before an invasion became necessary. Seventy two years since the first and last nuclear attacks, many 'traditionalist' historians still believe that Truman made the best possible decision in the given circumstances. However, in the 1960's, Truman's critics, who reinterpreted history began to believe that the bomb played no significant role in ending the war and was thus unnecessarily used. These revisionist historians have gone so far as to characterize the use of nuclear weapons as “the single greatest acts of terrorism in human history” (Awan, 16). On the other hand, traditionalists argue that the bomb was an important
This investigation assesses President Harry Truman’s decision to drop atomic bombs on both Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It will determine whether or not his decision was justified. This investigation will scrutinize the reasons that made Harry Truman feel inclined to drop atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Preventing further casualties along with the desire to end the war are two argumentative points that will be analyzed to determine if they were strong enough to justify the dropping