The Dual Coding Theory Of The Human Mind And Its Functions

How is memory encoded and what methods can lead to greater recall? There have been many different models suggested for human memory and many different attempts at defining a specific method of encoding that will lead to greater recall. In this experiment subjects are asked to do a semantic task on a word related to them and an orthographic task in which they analyze the letter in the word. The results of the experiment indicate that the words which where encoded semantically and are related to the self have greater recall.

The current study was created to retest reproducibility of Slamecka and Graf results about participants remembering words better when they generated the words than when they read the words in a sample of undergraduate students at Texas A&M University (Slamecka and Graf, 1978). Nineteen undergraduate students at Texas A&M University participated in an experiment where one group was given a set of words and were told to memorize the words. The other group was given one word and the first letter of the second word and was told to generate the second word. It was hypothesized that the group with the participants who generated the second word would remember those sets of words better than the other group. Results showed that the group who generated the second word significantly memorized the words better, the p value being < .05. More in depth explanations involving more variables are discussed such as the five rules, or the within subjects, and their effect on the generation effect as well as future directions.

“…unless our words, concepts, ideas are hooked onto an image, they will go in one ear, sail through the brain, and go out the other ear. Words are processed by our short-term memory where we can only retain about seven bits of information (plus or minus 2) […]. Images, on the other hand, go directly into long-term memory where they are indelibly etched.” (qtd. in Gutierrez)

In experiments of scene memory, subjects viewed hundreds of photographs of natural scenes. Afterward, they were asked to identify which photograph they had seen and which ones they had never viewed before. Even though subjects can recognize previously viewed pictures very well, the memories were not linked to the precise visual form. In addition, subjects failed to detect changes when the images were mirror-reversed. These

The results show that there is a difference in the words being recalled in the imagery method and in the words being recalled in the rote rehearsal method. The data showed that there was a greater amount of words recalled by imagery than there was in rote rehearsal. Rote rehearsal had a mean value of 8.28, which wasn’t that close to imagery. Imagery had a mean value of 12.96. The median and mode for rote rehearsal had a value of 8, and both the median and mode for imagery had a value of 13. It wasn’t until the standard deviation that rote rehearsal increased higher than imagery. Rote rehearsal had a standard deviation of 5.11, while imagery had a standard deviation of 4.67.

In both of the tasks, the research participant confidently listed a word that was not originally part of the picture or the list of words. For example, the participant in test A1 listed the word ``door`` and omitted other details that he was not attention to it in the original picture. He added the words that made sense in completing the missing parts of the picture in his memory. In test A2, the research participant circled the words ``sleep`` because some of the words such as night, bed and snoring interfered with his information and made him imagined that this word was listed. After the distractive discussion about what he ate for breakfast, he also circled the words table and chair as he remembered the details of the moment breakfast and he recreated a memory that he believed it was accurate.

The influence of context on memory recall was examined in an experiment based on Godden and Baddeley’s (1975) Context Dependent Memory study. Previous research suggests that memory recall is improved when learning and recall occur in the same environment. The current experiment examined the importance of context and perceptual clues in memory recall by manipulating the learning and recall environments for a memory task using a list of 30 random words tested on three groups of participants: each group learnt a list of words in one environment and recalled them in

Psychologists and neuroscientists have acknowledged the different kinds of memory such as short-term, long-term and the working memory and the way they work, how they are rehearsed and disrupted. One word can be easily affected when being processed to the long term memory do to the short term retention. The psychologists and neuroscientists hypothesized that the participants would maintain specific things in their memory in articulatory rehearsal and that way they could report them just by focusing and paying more attention to those specific things. What the main purpose of this study was

Last but not least, providing detailed background such as images, sounds,and practical situations for every words is considered to be easier for memorizing. According to Robert G. Crowder, “This type of memory statement signals the importance infantile babbling (E.Cooper, 1972). In babbling the relations between vocal output and the auditory images would become associated through repetition.” (2014). It’s obviously to see that kids can easily understand and remember every details from comic books and cartoons. Also, academic books rather use images as “mile stones” in order to remind learners about the previous lessons. In addition, new words should be put in daily conversations. Furthermore, some new habits are required to be made such as

This experiment will investigate the effects of words and words with imagery on memory recall.

How does the brain store memories? How does the brain remember them? These are some extremely important questions. The brain, part of the nervous system, makes use of memories in many different ways. When memories are recollected for a certain purpose, focus is essential for the brain. Geometric figures are focused by the brain and additionally the eye. How the brain focuses objects can have an association to the memories that the brain remembers and how they are triggered. Memory functions deep inside the brain, and geometric shapes are just a small part of how the brain focuses. To see how to brain acts when given the task to focus on geometric figures, and remember long-term skill memories, an experimental test can be administered to see how geometric figures have an impact on the brain’s speed of memory retrieval. The data collected

Experiment seven has demonstrated higher recall resulting from more complex, elaborate sentence frames, but only with positive (yes) target words; this finding is further interpreted as depth of processing is greater with congruent sentences than incongruent sentences possibly because the subject forms a unified image of the sentence (Craik & Tulving, 1975).

The Effect of Color on the Ability to Recall and Recreate a Series of Images from Short Term Memory (STM)

The brain is constantly recalling and forming new memories and the part of the brain that deals with memories is the hippocampus, which is located near the centre of the brain. Three different types of memory are used to store different types of information. Semantic is factual knowledge such as remembering capital cities. Episodic is personal past experiences, what a person had for breakfast for example and procedural memory is how to do something such as drive a car. Organising thinking using various methods can improve memory recall. This essay will consider three methods: mental images, concepts and schemas using a range of research studies including the work of Raugh and Atkinson (1975), Bousfield (1953) and Bransford and Johnson

The Present paper will be discuss how pictures and words affect Short Term Memory through testing short term memory, the process of collecting data, and errors made during the process of testing Short Term Memory. Understanding Short Term Memory is very important. What people remember in short period of time can be the difference between life and death or success and failure. Short term memory has a limit but an exact number is unknown. long term doesn 't have a limit. Working memory is the system responsible for the holding and processing of new and already-stored information from short term memory.