The EFL Phonological Awareness Skills Test

This article examined three therapy approaches for children with phonological disorders. These three treatments were Modified Cycles, Maximal Opposition, and ABAB-Withdraw. The approaches were judged based on the results of three areas: phonetic inventory, phonological systems and distinctive features. The study of these treatments consisted of 94 children whose ages ranged from three years and nine months to eight years and five months. All children had differentiating severities of a phonological disorder, and the children were assessed before and after every treatment session.

A Sound Beginning is an assessment of phonological awareness at four different levels: Word Level, Syllable Level, Onset-Rime Level, and Phoneme Level. Phonological awareness is the manipulation of sounds in spoken language and is an important building block for reading. The assessment is administered orally that would include the student tapping, deleting, segmenting, and blending different sounds. Felipe’s score for each level is as follows:

Within current research, it is acknowledged that phonological impairment may result in dyslexia. A study by Lobier, Zoubrinetzky, and Valdois (2012) suggests that while phonological impairment may be the root cause in some dyslexic patients, visual processing deficits may play a significant role in dyslexia, especially in patients without phonological difficulties. More specifically, the research aimed to support the hypothesis that the “underlying impairment responsible for the VA span deficit is visual, not verbal” (2012, p. 768). To support the hypothesis, the study was designed to compare the performance of typically-developing children and dyslexic children on visual attention span tasks with verbal and non-verbal stimuli. Non-verbal stimuli were included to demonstrate the absence of

This article examined phonological sensitivity of preschool-age children by using a variety of phonological sensitivity tasks that are said to be within the capabilities of preschool age children. The phonological sensitivity tasks included measures of rhyme oddity detection, alliteration oddity detection, blending, and elision. In addition, the article investigated SES (socioeconomic status) differences in phonological sensitivity during the children’s preschool years.

The EFL phonological awareness skills test was submitted to a jury of EFL experts (see appendix C) , they were asked to determine the validity of the instrument in terms of clear instructions , items and the questions' suitability for the pupils' level. They indicated that the tests instructions were clear and the passages were suitable for pupils' levels and background knowledge. Therefore, the test was a valid measure of phonological awareness skills (Face Validity).To ensure the content validity of the test, it was developed in the light of a systematic and accurate of literature and previous studies. This accurate and systematic review determined the general form of the test, its form

According to the article, Supporting phonemic awareness development in the classroom, educators are displaying difficulties defining the word phonemic awareness. At times, educators would confuse the word phonemic awareness with phonetics, phonics or auditory discrimination. “Phonemic awareness is the awareness that the speech stream consists of a sequence of sounds—specifically phonemes, the smallest unit of sound that makes a difference in communication.” A slight change of a phoneme in a word can change the thought and meaning behind the sentence. To gain a better understanding of the term phonemic awareness, the articles break it up into two superordinate constructs: phonological awareness and meta linguistics. Phonemic awareness is a sub skill of the word phonological awareness, which refers to the ability to control each phoneme. Meta linguistic refers to the thinking of one's language and “phonological awareness refers to a sensitivity to any size unit of sound.” Examples of phonological awareness are the ability to recognize rhyming words, identify each phoneme in a word, count syllables, and separate the beginning of a word from its ending. Overall, phonemic awareness, phonological awareness and meta linguistic awareness are all connected to one another.

Poor ability with phonological skills is the most widely supported theory of how dyslexia affects reading capacity which is known as the phonological processing impairment theory. 75 % of people with dyslexia show signs of a phonological problem, therefore, many definitions of dyslexia have been mentioned the problem emerged in phonological skills. According to Joshi and Aaron, (2013, p. 127) Phonological awareness based on many pieces of research has been proved to be the dominant theory for reading difficulty, backing their view by providing Landerl and Wimmer, (2000) and where the intervention applied to reduce dyslexia’s effects succeeded in diminishing the learner’s errors from 76% to 26% in English language and in from 63% to 15% in The

Before reading this article and attending class Saturday I had never heard of the concept/term phonemic awareness. it took me awhile to understand that phonemic awareness should be taught before first grade rather than the alphabet. Honestly, I was shocked. however,children learning the sounds of letters without being taught the alphabet beforehand is what initially confused me . At that moment, my brain could not grasp the concept. However, after a few explanations and examples, it clicked in my head that obviously, we need to crawl before we can walk. What I mean is that as children we babble trying to form words and crawl , scout, and wobble before we learn how to walk. For what I can understand, the approach to guiding children to

During the first session on February 1st, I began administering the Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language (CASL). This assessment was chosen to attain an overview of the client’s comprehension, expressive, and receptive skills, as well as semantic, syntactic, pragmatic, and figurative language skills. It was a recommendation by the clinician last semester to continue working on figurative language skills, grammatical use, and producing synonyms and antonyms given a word. The CASL is one of the few language assessments that assess figurative language, in addition to these further recommendations. Along with the core tests appropriate for V.E.’s age, (antonyms, syntax construction, paragraph comprehension, non-literal language, and

This is a summary sheet that can be used to give “teachers a more multifaceted picture of students’ fluency” (Lipson & Wixson, 2013, p. 469). It takes different components of fluency and allows the teacher to rate each on a scale.

There are many components to building a student’s reading skill set. One skill that is introduced in preschool and developed through the primary grades is phonemic awareness. The term phonemic awareness is defined as the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes – individual sounds. The child becomes aware of how sounds are connected to words prior to reading. This awareness creates the understanding of how phonemes explains how the smallest part of sound creates a difference in sound to the meaning of a word. Therefore, the ability to dismantle words, and reassemble them, and then to alter the word into something different explains the concept behind phonemic awareness. It is the primary foundation in which other reading skill sets are according based.

Phonology and phonological development are important to language acquisition. In researching Hebrew phonology and its development; we learned how it is perceived, interpreted.

Roger Bacon points out “Grammar is substantially one and the same in all the languages despite its accidental variations.” So there is not much difference in the structure of a language. If a person has good command over the mother tongue, there are more possibilities to adapt, assimilate and accommodate second language without putting up much pressure on the learners. There are some similarities in syntax, phonology, morpheme, word inflection and various other aspects of the language. In this context of learning the second language, introspective learning should be emphasized, language learning should be action oriented and engaging so that learners can practice more and more. They can easily perceive what one wants to convey in a particular sentence. It is obvious that acquisition

This occurs because children are able to create new categories for the L2 sound system. This ability, however, starts to decrease at the age of two and stops when children reach puberty. Therefore, people who were exposed to the second language at an early age may achieve native-like proficiency, but people who were exposed to the L2 language later on in life may not be able to attain native-like proficiency. However, while many studies have demonstrated that children are able to learn second language phonology much more easily and rapidly, there are people who started to learn a second language in adulthood and talk like a native speaker, and there are other people who started this process in childhood and were not able to achieve

Teaching Pronunciation to ESL Students Please provide instructions for exercises that help teach pronunciation to ESL students. Student age may vary. Audience: Teachers.