The Earth Charter

“Let every individual and institution now think and act as a responsible trustee of Earth, seeking choices in ecology, economics and ethics that will provide a sustainable future.”

Change over time; that is a common theme with everything in the world. The concept of punishment is no different in that regard. In the 16th and 17th century the common view for punishing people was retaliation from the king and to be done in the town square. In what seemed to be all of a sudden, there was a change in human thinking, the concept of punishment changed to a more psychological approach compared to a public embarrassment/torture approach. The following paragraphs will discuss the development of prisons and what in fact gives people gives people the right to punish; as well as the overall meaning and function of prisons. The work by Michel Foucault in Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison will help with the arguments

The delivery of punishment has changed significantly over the centuries. Up until the 19th century in England, imprisonment was not regarded as a punishment, it was merely used while the offender waited to be sentenced to their ‘real’ punishment (Bull, 2010; Hirst, 1998). Corporal punishment such as flogging, branding and mutilation, death by hanging, and transportation to other continents such as America and Australia were common punitive measures through the ages, until well into the 1800’s (Newburn, 2003). Although these extreme penalties are no longer acceptable or practised by criminal courts in England or Australia, in some ways, the past has

Capital punishment is a sentence that is given to someone that has committed a capital crime. This is a subject of great debate; some people agree and some do not. There are times when a crime is so heinous that the majority would seek capital punishment. Susan Gissendaner received this sentence for plotting to kill her husband, although her boyfriend actually killed her husband. Since being in prison, Susan has undergone a conversion and transformation. She is now a model prisoner. Due to Susan’s transformation, they are trying to have her sentence changed. Should Susan’s sentence be commuted to life in prison is the question being asked? This paper will answer the question by providing a moral judgment viewed by two non-consequentialist theories. The strengths and weaknesses of these positions will be assessed. Whether I agree or disagree will be answered and explained.

In Jim’s case, the subject of “excitement and prejudice in the public mind” is greatly emphasized; a large amount of hype surrounded the trial, which consequently may have altered the decision made by the courts. During this time, executions were still part of a public spectacle. Stemming back to European and colonial society, executions, especially hangings, were a large form of public entertainment that brought the whole community together. In one perspective the execution may have created a hole in society, but with the development of executions as communal spectacles, the hole is mended, and instead brings the community together in a sense through the removal of a “bad” in their society. Jim’s case comes during a time in which there was a large amount of fear surrounding slave revolts- with Jim his act of violence likely sparked a sense of fear throughout his community. By deciding to sentence Jim to hanging, this would act to reassure the community with a sense of safety to enforce the superiority of the “better”

In 1560, Arnaud du Tilh - the imposter who posed as Martin Guerre - was hanged, with his body burned after his death. Today, execution is a controversial issue, and mediaeval and early modern executions (especially public executions) are viewed through the lens of enlightenment rationalism. However, this is not how public execution was always seen. When studying history, it is important that the historian does not view history through the lens of their own time, but instead the lens of the time they are viewing. This is one of the aims of studying microhistory - to provide the lens through which to observe a place and time. This is how I shall endeavour to use the fascinating case of the faux Martin Guerre - as a lens through which to view the attitudes, methods and reasoning behind public executions, including the execution that claimed the life of Arnaud du Tilh. It was the attitudes towards and legal philosophy of the time towards crime and punishment that led to Arnaud du Tilh’s sentence, so the fundamental question that this essay seeks to answer is why Arnaud was given the sentence that he was. Execution as an institution was not an extension of the state, as it is often seen today, but was instead an extension of the community that was seen as a normal part of the ‘divine order’. Arnaud du Tilh was executed by hanging and then burned due to the specific Christian and folk beliefs and symbolism surround methods of execution, and the execution was public not as a

Humiliation, Pain and Death: The Execution of Criminals in New France,” is an article that puts

Cruel death penalties were brought into light during Henry VIII’s reign. Many believe that he over used his power, “Henry VIII not only created a record, according to Stow, by executing 72,000 of his liege subjects”.

In the chapter, “The body of the Condemned,” Foucault addresses the evolution of the punishment system and how it has gone from being a public spectacle to something that is done behind closed doors. Foucault opens the chapter with an extremely descriptive and gory representation of a public execution. The purpose of this was to display how execution have changed from being in the public eye to behind closed doors using the electric chair and legal injections. It was done in this fashion to deter individuals from committing heinous crimes. Today, the cost of prison time, fines, etc.. deter individuals instead. Punishment has become less about effecting the body and more about the changing the souls and integrating them back into society.

I believe every human on this earth is aware of the fact that earth does not belong to the man, but man belongs to the earth. Yet there is still fights and wars that humans go through to claim this land as theirs. This book “Earth’s democracy” by Vandana Shiva explains all the human actions done against nature. This book is a great reminder for all those that consider earth as something they own and mistreat it. Shiva talks about the rise of capitalism and corporate globalization produced monopolies causing an extraordinary concentration of wealth and power. Shiva believes we live in a world where commerce and profit take priority over people and nature and those with means control the government. The earth economy is a living economy. It is based on sustainable, diverse, pluralistic systems that protect nature and people, are chosen by people, for the benefit of the common good. Earth democracy is a living democracy. It promotes the responsible use and conservation of natural resources through communal ownership. The three basic concepts define earth democracy, they are: living economies, living democracies and living cultures.

Defamation is not saying what the truth is -- and if this is the truth (which it does look pretty damning), then not only are Brilliant Earth or in trouble ethically, they are also in trouble legally. False advertising is sketchy already, but advertising something as in diamonds, sapphires, emeralds, rubies etc. (as this company does) as 'conflict-free' when in fact it looks like they aren't, opens up lawsuits from customers and potential investigations from governmental bodies. Not to mention that this is a definition of fraud. As it has been mentioned the whole business surrounding Brilliant Earth is 'guilt-free' shopping. These stones are supposed to be conflict free and it is a huge problem that this cannot be guaranteed.

France’s Reign of Terror offered the world a new symbol for execution: the guillotine. Today the electric chair, lethal injection, and firing squad provide the same image. All symbolize death as well as the crime that the perpetrator committed. In 1793 in France, an individual met the guillotine because he or she committed treason by going against the radical ideas of Maximilien Robespierre. In the modern United States, citizens face one of the instruments of capital punishment after they commit murder, treason, or espionage. Though the instruments and charges for capital punishment have changed, the basic principle remains the same. Capital punishment, more harshly known as the death penalty, has become a well-known and controversial part of the United States’ criminal justice system. Ever since societies began to practice the capital punishment, people have tried to abolish the death penalty. The United States, however, should continue to practice the death penalty until it reduces the number of homicides and other serious crimes committed by its citizens to help protect innocent citizens.

Steve Hansen was an instructor who informed many students in Wisconsin about the importance of renewable energy, environmental sustainability, and earth stewardship. His creativity, energy, and compassion inspired many to become better people. The Steve Hansen Memorial Scholarship Fund has been established to honor his spirit and memory, and to help the next generation carry on his important work. He lived the “Earth Steward” philosophy of making ways of global change from a local-to-global scales to improve ecosystem strength and individual well being. His belief in this global reasoning inspired other students and adults around him to strive to live by this philosophy and make the world a better place. He endured to teach others about the

The Earth Charter began in the late 80s, when a group known as “the Brundtland Commission launched what was called Our Common Future Report to guide the transition to sustainable development” (“History”, 2009). In the early 90s, two gentle men by the name of Maurice Strong and Mikhail Gorbachev along with the assistance of the “Dutch Government developed an Earth Charter as a civil society initiative by working through the organizations founded by themselves…” to later draw on hundreds of international documents (“History”, 2009). Before the Earth Charter became a

H-O-M-E 4 letters with deep meaning. Home is our shelter, our family, and place where your heart is. Earth is our home, our live depend on what the earth provide and we cannot live a second without the thing that the earth provides. At the beginning, God have created the earth completely balance with its function. The forest stands as the heart of the earth because trees provide human oxygen and absorb the carbon dioxide. The earth cooled, the water vapor condensed and fell in torrential downpours at the right distance of the sun not too far and not too near. The earth perfect balance enables to conserve water. The water cut channel is like the veins of the earth body. Everything has been designed perfectly link to each other’s. We cannot imagine if the living things in the earth did not link to each other, how can a human survive. Trees cannot live without water and sun, Human