The East And West Of Modern Day

had spread along North Africa and up to the eastern and western fringes of the

Carthage gained her power through the wealth of trade and commere, bringing the northern African colonies and cities of Sicily under control, solidified her dominance in the Mediterranean. Through wealth comes strength and the ability to obtain more wealth by expanding one’s territory, which brought Carthage to desire the Greek cities of Italy also (Morey, 1901). The very cities bordering Rome, leading to the beginning of hostilities between Carthage and Rome.

Unlike Ghana, the Mali Empire was dominated by Islam, due to the widespread Islamic merchants and conversions that occurred in during kingdoms. This is significant because it demonstrates that goods weren’t the sole exchange and that religion was able to penetrate West Africa and impact the native people. The main motive for this mass adaptation of Islam as the dominant religion stems from strategic aims, from previous kingdoms, to diminish possible attacks from Muslim territories across the Sahara. This created alliance between Mali and other Arab powers, “the might of the [Mali] Empire was such that the Arabs at times called on it for military aid” (Diop, 93). This was extremely beneficial for Mali because it was the premier power of antiquity, and also had progressive relationships with other Islamic kingdoms throughout the world.

Rome, the ever growing metropolis, one of the most strongest military forces we know today, a haven for riches and trade, and one of the most successful empires to history today. Rome was a growing empire, with its professional army quickly conquering several kingdoms left, right, up, and down, from the two Punic wars with Carthage, a war with Gaul, the conquering of Egypt, and Iberia, but, these expanding territories had its advantages and disadvantages. Rome had to quickly invent something able to move its soldiers to all of its territories that would give them enough time to get around to manage conquered people. The seas connecting Rome’s empire also played a role into how it’s geographical location would play into their success and prosperity.

Agriculture was such a prominent part in every civilization since the beginning of time. It was a way for humans to be one with their land for it gave them means to survive. As agriculture became much more recognized in Africa, “cultivators and herders displaced many of the hunting, gathering and fishing peoples who previously inhabited Saharan Africa.” (Bentley,384) With the progression of new technology; iron axes, adzes, and hoes were created, and revolutionized agriculture on their land. The introduction of bananas from sea lanes became popular in Africa and increased the supply of food that was available. Likewise for Medieval Europe, cultivation on Europe grounds allowed more room for agricultural techniques, the utilization of developed tools and technologies, and the institution of new crops. Similar to Africa, population pressure rose and space for more agriculture became necessary. Beans were important to the diets of Europeans as were the bananas to African diets. They also dug ponds to raise fish which in turn led to new

The Malian Trade Routes and the Impact on West Africa Through the Spread of Islam Along These Routes

The Roman Empire was a strong hold over the Mediterranean for many years. Being the goal of most all world leaders, the Romans wanted land along with their power. They set their eyes on the valuable lands around them and the Mediterranean world as well as parts of Northern Europe and Asia. The Roman civilization and culture was much influenced by the Phonetians and Greeks. Later, the Romans were in control of these lands and their people. Three of their prize provinces held at much value to them were Thrace, Macedonia, Greece. These three lands were all located in the same area, providing a throughway to Rome for trade routes from China and the Middle east. Thrace, being on the south western coast of the Black Sea

The Great Schism There were many issues that created the Great Schism between the East and the West, both before 1054 CE and after. However, it would appear from the documentation that the East had more issues with how the West conducted religion and ran their church. The issues that occurred with how the West conducted religion and ran their church happened prior to 1054 CE. Furthermore, the ambassadors from the Pope excommunicated the Patriarch of Constantinople around 1054 CE. The following day, the Patriarch excommunicated the Pope. Then the official Schism between the Latin Roman Catholic church and the Orthodox Catholic church began. 1054 CE is considered the official date of the start of the schism, but there were tensions before

in sever labour deficit. The entire Roman Empire economy was dependent on salves to work as craftsmen and also to till their fields. Rome always got a fresh influx of slaves by concurring the land by its military power. But their expansion was at a halt during the second century and so the supply of slaves and their treasures were drying up. There was another blow to the empire when Vandals claimed the North Africa and disputed over the trade by crossing the Mediterrans as pirates. With the economy of Rome falling apart and its agricultural and commercial products in decline, Rome began to loosen its grip on the Europe (Fenner,

Geography was a major influence on Roman History. Rome was set into two mountain ranges, The Alps and the Apennines, which was a good form of protection against attacks by using hiding skills and encircling. Rome’s fertile land made for considerable farming conditions. The land was fertile due to the volcanic soil near the Po and Tiber rivers. The surplus of agriculture leads to population and trade growth causing an economy growth.

The city of Ancient Rome was a major center for the regional and international trade of goods. Rome was colonized in the 8th century BC that expanded and soon became one of the largest empires during the time and is still one of the most famous cities in the world. In the beginning, the empire was only a small town located on the Timber River, which was used for trade. Over time, the city expanded over most of the territory around the Mediterranean Sea and was made up of more than one million people and grew into a trading post. By being centrally located in the middle of Italy, the empire had the ability to build from the Atlantic Ocean to Northern Egypt and capitalize on new resources and engineering. As the city expanded, the

Throughout ancient history, both the Roman Empire and the Carthage Empire were rivals in many battles and wars. Both Rome and Carthage were prestigious empires with economic and political growth mainly through trade and the conquest of land, but during the Punic Wars, they were both tested against each other that lead to 100’s of years of war to determine which empire was the supreme power of the Mediterranean.

Although archaeologists debate the definition of city-states, territorial states, and when they become an empire, there are some basic outlines that can be followed. City-states are densely populated area with a socially stratified society made of people spanning from elite and nobles down through to crafts people and farmers; complex, administrative, political, and governmental bodies that guide everyday activities (Scarre & Fagan, 2003). City-states are predominantly made up of the same ethnicities, who share a similar culture, while Territorial-states are political centers with other portions of society living outside a main administrative area (Scarre & Fagan, 2003). Territorial-states are normally made up of varying ethnicities, languages and incorporate larger expanses of land (Scarre & Fagan, 2003). An Empire is a city-state or state that conquers neighboring states to create a larger territory (Smiley, 2015: Unit 9). In addition, and empire has a governing body that implements a tax – to help support the population and governing powers – and has a standing military – that helps conquer, helps enforce the rule of the state on the new territory, and minimize uprisings. In this essay I will describe three key empires: the Romans, the Aztecs, and the Incas.

Carthage is located long the Mediterranean Sea in northern Africa. The ancient Phoenician Empire established the city of Carthage in 800 BCE. The people of this ancient Phoenician City State were great sea navigators and traders. Carthage’s location provided a seaport that was protected from sea storms and access to sea trading routes. The people of Carthage built an amazing circular artificial harbor called the Cothon, which consisted of two connected areas for ships to dock. The rectangular portion docked and protected many sea-trading ships while the circular part was used to dock as many as 220 warships. Carthage dominated trade in the Mediterranean Sea including the expensive and sought after purple dye made from the murex shells of Mediterranean sea snails. The area surrounding Carthage also had fertile land for growing agriculture. The style of clothes, at that time, is believed to resemble the Egyptians, which included long white and purple clothing wrapped over one shoulder and sandals. The

During the eighth century throughout the late sixteenth century, one trade route entranced everyone involved from the Mediterranean to the Africa’s. The Trans – Saharan Trade was an important trade route that ran across the Sahara between the Mediterranean countries and West Africa. In the beginning stages of the Trans- Saharan trade many small trade routes were being used throughout the period. this is because travelling across the Sahara before the domestication of the camel was difficult. The Trans-Saharan trade route did more than attract traders. This route was an economical boost for many and also connected the West African people with the Mediterranean people.