The Ecology Of The Deep Sea Species

Sharks have been creatures that can date back to over 450 billion years, and have survived through all disaster and still live on Earth today. This is a great feat for anything to stay in existence for that amount of time, and hopefully sharks can continue to live on this Earth and not go extinct. There are hundreds if not thousands of species of shark from when they first swam Earth’s oceans to when they continue to swim the same oceans. The study of sharks is a very interesting and extraordinary topic, being able to put together images of what sharks used to look like compared to sharks now is just amazing. In this vast amount of time sharks have spent on this Earth there has been many things that has changed, through evolution and adaptation. Through research and personal opinion I plan to show how sharks have evolved, what has changed through evolution and the history of

Has it ever occurred to you that there is another world among us? Beneath the deep blue sea is a vast landscape with plants and animals abundant. These animals are constantly forced to adapt to survive, showing just how strong and resilient they are. Three of these, however, stand out from the rest with features that allow them to survive in the harshest conditions.

Every Jaws fan knows the shark gets it in the end. What they do not know is that too many sharks have gotten it; and that has caused a rapid decline in the shark population over the past thirty years. Since the 1970's, sharks of the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico shores have declined eighty-five percent. Sharks are vital animal to our world's ecosystem, and if the decline is not controlled; we could be facing devastating problems in years to come. Information has been obtained from two books: The Shark Almanac by Thomas B. Allen and Sharks, An Introduction for the Amateur Naturalist by Sanford A. Moss. Sources also include a number of online references, among them BBC News, ENS News, The New York Times, and two online scientific

The lower shore, or low tide zone, is mostly submerged underwater. The most noticeable difference of this sub-region is the large diversity of different types of seaweeds. Organisms found in this zone are generally less adapted to periods of dryness. The creatures are generally the largest and most complex organisms on the shore as there are more sources of food as marine vegetation flourishes.

Arising over 350 million years ago, the shark species has been labeled as a human devourer. Now, with the increase in human population, the demand for shark meat, fins, and cartilage are at an all time high; therefore, the existence of the shark is becoming a concern (Budker 1971). Individuals are conditioned to think of sharks as a negative aspect to the environment, which is prolonging the effort to save shark species from becoming extinct. With that in mind, some private as well as national organizations have accepted the challenge of educating and informing people about the existence of the shark specie and its importance to the sea.

Sea Shepherd Conservation Society’s article “The Brutal Business of Shark Finning” reminds us that sharks play a key role in the ocean as both predators and scavengers.

Beginning with the simplest one-celled organism, an extraordinary animal rose in the murky waters entitled to a non-comparable killing-eating machine. This organism has become nature’s most genuine and most successful creature that it has remained unchanged for over 250 million years. Nature finally invented the perfect king of the sea. This animal has given the sea it’s “living” adjective; in turn, it was entitled—the “great white shark.”

Scientist in order to measure the depth of the ocean use “Bomb Sounding” this is where they throw TNT into trenches and from the echo that it gives the scientist than approximate its depth. “Recent expeditions such as the HADES project in the Pacific suggest that fish are not found below 27,560 feet. But the hadal zone extends to 36,000 feet”, (Cock-Starkey 9). The development of the “DeepSea Challenger” allowed the ability for scientist to travel down the trench to collect rocks, sediments,and biological samples. Scientist from Scripps Institute Oceanography, University of Hawai’i, and Jet Propulsion Laboratory all joined in into the DeepSea Challenger setting their research on marine biology, microbiology, astrobiology, marine geology and geophysics. Living in the deepest part of ocean surfaced thoughts of marine life being non-existent because of the lethal conditions it has , but past findings of marine life as deep as 27,560 feet shook scientist. Marine adaptation has grown because of the frequent findings of marine life such as the following: Frilled Shark (5,000 ft), Giant Spider Crab (estimate 1,000 ft), Atlantic Wolffish Pair (1,600 ft), Fangtooth Fish (16,500 ft), Six-Gill Shark (8,200 ft) and etc. All these deep sea creatures have adapted to low oxygen levels and the lightless depth of the

Thanks to the movie Jaws, many people are scared of sharks. Seeing a fin in the water terrifies all but the most experienced of beach goers. Sadly, this perception means that most do not really care if the sharks are hunted to extinction or not. However, society’s opinion on sharks needs to change if we want any hope of saving the world’s oceans. Sharks, as an apex predator, are an important part of the ocean’s food chain.

Peter Benchley the author of Jaws said, “Without sharks , you take away the apex predator of the ocean, and you destroy the entire food chain”. My paper’s main idea is how Great White Sharks survive in the ocean. Like how they hunt and how their features help it hunt,hide,and survive.

“National Geographic: Images Of Animals, Nature, and Cultures.” National Geographic: Images of Animals, Nature, and Cultures. Web. 17 Nov. 2015.

In the words of Julia “overexploitation threatens the future of many large vertebrates” (Buam et al.). For many years sharks have fallen victim to over fishing, pollution related death, and wasteful culling. According to Sullivan, Twenty percent of the world’s shark population is currently threatened with extinction. According

But the environment also has to interact with the organism. Many things in the tropical and subtropical things interact with the Great White Shark. Living things that interact with the organisms are called biotic factors. One biotic factor is the amount of prey the shark can find. If the shark can’t find any fish or they escape from the shark he might be affected in negative ways. Another biotic factor is if there are any human hunters in the area. If there are some human hunters in the area the shark has to be careful so he doesn’t get caught. And the final biotic factor I will tell you about are symbiotic relationships. The shark doesn’t eat all fish, and one of the types of fish the shark doesn’t eat is the remora fish. The smaller ones cling to the shark and eat the scraps of food the shark drops but it also feeds of the parasites on the sharks skin and in the shark's

Life on the deep sea-floor is minimal to none, the temperature of the sea at those levels is close to freezing. Such extremely cold water slows biochemical processes like chemosynthesis. Since they live in such deep waters, human activity has very little impact on their population which leads them to a lifespan of 15 to 30 years. However, there are oxygen-deprived zones where life hangs on and life is scarce; there are already hypoxic zones which means that there are some organisms out there living in an environment with low oxygen levels which is making life scarce. In some areas, however, deep-sea benthos are full of life and communities because hydrothermal vents and deep water coral reefs support diverse ecosystems. The animals that are

Sharks are known as one of the deadliest creatures in the aquatic ecosystem, but what would happen in the world’s ocean without those sharks? The depopulation of sharks is increasing dramatically due to human impacts. If this continues, it will negatively impact all aspects of ocean life and environment (Ferretti et al, 2010). The depopulation of a creature so high on the aquatic food chain can lead to the overpopulation of other organisms, which causes a domino effect on all creatures in the ocean. This could either rapidly increase or decrease their population, altering the food chain altogether (Ferretti et al, 2010). Focusing on how the population decreases is the only way to prevent it. Elaborating on the over-fishing of such important creatures, as well as the negative effects that go along with depopulation, is the most proficient way to relay the message of these processes being such an issue. It is remarkable how important one sea creature can be to the entirety of the oceanic food chain as well as to the aquatic ecosystem as a whole.