The Economic Crisis in Spain Essay

The housing crisis of 2008 can trace its origins back to the stock market trends of the mid- to late 90 's. During a period of extended growth in the stock market, increased individual wealth among investors led to generalized increases in spending, including in the housing market. With more disposable income in the pockets of consumers, the demand for housing increased in the late 90 's. Due to the fact that homes are large projects and their construction takes a large amount of time, the supply of homes in the market is inelastic on the short term. Because of the fixed supply of homes, as per the law of supply, which

As far back as 1975, theoreticians pointed out to the fact that inflation brings swings in construction activity and negatively impacts the turnover for the houses that have already been built (Lessard, Modigliani 1975). There are several tings that can be analyzed in this case. First, inflation brings swings in construction activity because it increases the cost of materials, as well as potential associated costs, such as the cost of transportation.

In the year 2000, the stock market crashed whichshifted thepeople’s money away from the stock market and into the housing market. Many people were buying homes, which led to banks offering more loans, including subprimed loans. Most loans, specifically, subprimed loans began going into default once the credit markets froze in the summer 2007. Things began to deteriorate rapidly. The offering of subprimed loans stopped completely and interest rates for other types of borrowing such as corporate loans and consumer loans rose dramatically. Since the interest rates of loans were so high, home owners were not able to afford to make payments, which caused them to be evicted from their homes. In 2013, the government introduced new laws and

The area has highly been affected by the raising taxes and other property values. The homeowners have had difficulties in buying and living in these houses because of the increased taxes. This is because the property values have gone high due to the demand causing increase in taxes. This rise is usually extended to the tenants by the landlords and they find themselves vacating the houses due to high rents. The landlords might sometimes be unable to pay the tax leading to a sell of the houses.

The housing crisis in America is a major problem plaguing the United States' economy. Before a solution is formulated, one must consider the history of the market and the causes of the problem. And after a solution is formulated, one must present an idea for prevention of the problem for the future.

This unit discusses the region of Madrid, Spain. During this first week, the topic of Madrid’s location and culture will be the main focus and how it affects these impacts the region’s economy. According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, economy is defined as the process or system by which goods and services are produced, sold, and bought in a country or region. Economic impact is the result of the effect on the level of economic activity in a given area. This includes business output or sales volume; value added or gross regional product; wealth (including property values); personal income; and jobs.

Macroeconomics is an excellent tool for the analysis of the housing industry as something like a capital good, as a home is considered to be, cannot easily be studied in a short-term platform. Real estate is a good that costs several times more than an average persons annual income, in the United States that number is typically 7 times as much, and in the United Kingdom that number is 14 times as much. Several factors of both supply and demand directly impact the housing market on a macroeconomic scale. (Business Economics, 1)

In recent years, what can only be described as extremely rapid growth has occurred in the London property market. With a present average house price of £458,283 compared to £179,492 for the rest of England and Wales (Land Registry, 2015, pp. 3-5), London is an interesting case study for analysis due to a consistent 9.8% ten year growth average (Knight Frank , 2014). Something demonstrated in Figure 1, which shows property price percentage increase from the twelve months prior to December 2014. With such levels of growth, it is easy to conceptualise London’s attractiveness to investors, particularly that of foreign origin from less stable countries.

6.3 TRILLION DOLLARS! This is how much the value of homes have fallen in the United States since its real estate peak back in July of 2006. After the price of houses peaked in 2006, they gradually started to decline until December 30th, 2008. This is when the Case-Shiller home price index which measured the value of homes, reported its largest price decrease in its entire history. From there we saw prices continue to decline until we hit all-time lows in 2012. The United States housing bubble burst will be talked about for years to come including many what caused it and how to prevent such occurrences in the future. Low interest rates, Housing bubble, subprime mortgages, as well as securitization all contributed to the housing market crash of 2008 and will all be explained in this paper. According to the general consensus, most people believe that the housing bubble was the main cause of the 2007-2009 economic recession in the United States of America.

Spain’s economic freedom score is 66 making it the 46th freest economy in the 2013 Index. The highest income tax rate is 56 percent, and the highest corporate tax rate is 30 percent. Overall it comes to equal 31.7 percent of the total domestic income. Spain experienced some financial issues in 2012 which became an economic crisis. This eventually turned into a political crisis as well. Spain’s per capita income roughly matches that of Germany and France and its mixed capitalist economy is the 13th largest in the

The new construction market in the mid 2000’s was flourishing. People saw building a home as an opportunity for a solid investment because prices and rates were so low that certain homes could depreciate extremely slowly. However, there would be a negative effect from all this low-cost new construction and few were aware of just how devastating it would be to the new construction market.

Venezuela currently has a population of 31 million people. Venezuela is still growing in numbers, and it’s getting harder for the government to provide health care for their people. Venezuela’s population is 1.9 times larger than South America. The country is mainly urban, and the wealth rate is declining. The resources per person needs to be the same, and as of now that’s not the case. Overall fertility rates are failing in Latin America. In 2015 the population was six times the size that it was in 1950, and the United Nations projects that it will be nine time larger by 2050, and still growing at that point, despite the long-term decline in fertility. (Latin America) Although there are many economic crisis in Venezuela, this isn’t preventing them from having children in higher numbers. This could be the shortage of health care.

Around 2006 the price of houses began to fall substantially fast. “The oversupply of houses and lack of buyers pushed the house prices down until they really plunged in the late 2006 and early 2007” (The Subprime Mortgage Crisis Explained). These actions threw investors into a big dilemma. In the beginning they believed buying the mortgages would bring them a profit, but quickly realized that the mortgages would cost them more financial damage than reselling the homes. “Nationwide, home vales have declined about 16% since the summer of 2006 and experts project that the drop will continue until homes have lost about 25% of their value” (Biroonak, 2008). In other words mortgage homes are “underwater”, that is, the mortgage owed equals or exceeds the value of the house (Biroonak, 2008). Investors and homeowners started to go more in debt trying to pay off their original debts.

The research question of this Economics Extended Essay is, “To what extent does the Singapore Government’s policies on housing and immigration, help to increase the demand of the private property sector in the housing market.” For this investigation I used a variety of gathered raw data and policies from the Singapore government websites, on top of that I kept a collection of newspaper progressively monitoring the local property market. The

Government policies and subsides have a sizable impact on property price, and demand. The government can temporarily boost demand with tax credits, deduction and subsidies. From the customers point of view