The Effect Of Chemical And Environmental Changes On The Heart Rate Of A Daphnia

This lab was conducted with the purpose of confirming the trait of homeostasis among goldfish. During the experiment, it was recorded that the fish would increase gill movement when placed in colder water two out of the three trials. However, the results showed no significant difference in gill movement in various temperatures of water. This has very little effect on the broad field of science since our only three trials were performed and may have included human error in the trials.

Title: Physiological Changes in the Heart Rate of Daphnia magna When Exposed to Stimulants (Caffeine and Alcohol).

← As for the daphnia, there is a chance for them to die as when they are exposed to light, they are also exposed to heat in which they aren’t used to.

The following was the procedure used by the team that introduced chemicals into the environment of the Daphnia. First a zero reading was taken before any chemicals were introduced. The zero reading was an observation of the Daphnia’s heart rate before any substances were administered. All fluids were drawn off the slide using the corner of a Kimwipe. Then two drops of two percent alcohol solution were dropped onto the Daphnia. After a minute a heart rate reading was taken. The same procedure, including using the Kimwipe to draw off previous solution, was then used with four, six, eight, and ten percent solutions. A heart rate reading was taken after each solution was introduced.

Daphnia, also known as water fleas, are small crustaceans about 1mm-5mm long and are part of the freshwater zooplankton (Ebert 2005, Hutchinson 2005 & Clifford 1991). Daphnia can be found in most fresh water habitats such as freshwater springs, ponds and reservoirs and are the predominant food for planktivorous fish. Dapnia are ‘filter feeders’ meaning they feed on small particles suspended in the water which can include algae. It has been found that daphnia tend to migrate to the upper parts of the water at night and return to the lower parts of the water in the day to hide from predators (Ebert 2005) (Hutchinson 2005). Daphnia can reproduce through sexual reproduction and also asexual

In this experiment, an oxygen-measuring probe was attached to an oxygen chamber in order to quantify oxygen consumption rate, which served as a substitute measure for metabolic rate. The oxygen-measuring probe provided real-time measurements of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration present in the chamber water. The oxygen chamber was sealed to create a closed system so that over time, the oxygen levels would decrease as the goldfish respired and consumed the oxygen present in the water. The software LoggerLite was used to record real-time DO concentration measurements.

Daphnia, Branchiopoda, are categorized under the phylum Arthropoda and subphylum Crustacea. Daphnia are planktonic and are characterized by flattened leaf-like legs used to produce a water current for the filtering apparatus (Ebert et al. 2005). Daphnia are suspension feeders, which is one reason why they are used in this experiment. The purpose of this experiment is to see how Nyquil® and ethanol affect Daphnia heart rate. Nyquil® is a pharmaceutical drug that is used to treat common cold, aches, or pains, and the main ingredient is acetaminophen. Acetaminophen is a pain reliever that, like other antibiotics, inhibits protein synthesis, and has proven to immobilize Daphnia in even low concentrations (Daughton et al. 1999). There are many reasons why we use Daphnia in science; one reason is that the Daphnia hear rate variation test can be used in evaluating the effect of xenobiotics and in selecting agents for the pharmacological correction of this functional parameter (Dolgo-Saburov et al. 2008). We predict that Nyquil® decrease the heart rate while ethanol will increase it.

Figure 3 shows the effects of epinephrine and GABA drugs on the heart of the cray fish. In figure 3-A, it tests an epinephrine on the heart of crayfish and comparing it to the resting state. In figure 3-B, GABA drug has been tested on the heart of another crayfish after recording the results of resting state.

Crayfish can tolerate different conditions related to temperature, salinity and stress. To survive during loss of water, they migrate to another area where water is available, or they burrow. During this process, their heart rate and metabolism is constantly

In testing the respiration rate of two crayfish, one smaller than the other, 100 ml of water are placed in three separate beakers. One a control, two for the different crayfish. The separate crayfish are then measured for their volume. This is done by placing 50ml of water in a 300ml graduated cylinder, the placing each crayfish in the graduated cylinder, noting the increase in volume, that is the crayfish’s volume. The crayfish are then placed in their individual beakers. The beakers are then covered with Para film and allowed to sit and respire for 15 minutes. After 15 minutes the crayfish are removed and returned to their water tanks. Four drops of phenolphthalein are added to each beaker. Nine test tubes are obtained, 3 test tubes for

In this lab, an experiment was done in order to test how the abiotic factor of temperature affects a Tenebrio molitor’s activity level. Both experiments conducted consisted of two separate treatment trials; one in a warm environment (25 degrees Celsius) and one in a relatively cold environment (14 degrees Celsius). Results obtained from these experiments both showed a higher level of T. molitor activity in the warm environment as opposed to the cold environment where less activity occurred. In this case, the activity level of a T. molitor was measured by distance travelled (cm) over one minute. Prior to preforming the experiment, the prediction was made; An increase in environmental temperature will lead to an increased activity level of T. molitor. This prediction was made based on the knowledge of T. molitor being ectotherms. This is because temperature has been shown to have a major effect on an ethotherms growth rate and development rate, with higher temperatures being optimal conditions for both these to occur (Van Der Have et al. 1996).

The null hypothesis for this experiment is that there is no statistically significant relationship between the metabolic rate of goldfish and their exposure to light. The alternative hypothesis is that goldfish exposed to ambient light will exhibit a higher metabolic rate compared to goldfish that are exposed to dark light. Results Overall 86 goldfish (N=43) were used in the experiment. Altogether, 43 trails (2 fish per trial) were conducted in order to track the metabolic rates of the fishes. Differences in metabolic rates (with respect to light exposure) were calculated by measuring the changes of oxygen concentration in the water chambers where the fishes were placed.

Metabolic rate is measured by the rate of oxygen consumption and oxygen consumption rate changes over time during the experiment. The crayfish acclimated to warm temperature increased the oxygen consumption whereas the crayfish acclimated to cold temperature decreased the oxygen consumption. In our experiment, there was no significant effect of acclimation temperature on oxygen consumption. The warm and cold-acclimated crayfish showed similar mean oxygen consumption rate despite different acclimation temperatures (Fig.1). Also, the P

The Carassius auratus (goldfish) is an ectotherm and its physiologic functions are influenced by the shifts in their external temperature. In this experiment, we hypothesized the ventilation and oxygen consumption of the goldfish in a warm environment will have higher rates than goldfish in a cold environment. Based on the results, there was a statistical significance with a >99.5% confidence level in the ventilation rate of each treatment. According to a previous study by Szekeres et al. (2014), goldfish exposed to cold temperatures express a significantly lower ventilation rate than the goldfish in a control environment. However, there was not a statistical significance in the oxygen consumption rates of each treatment due to a <90% confidence

In addition, some marine populations are dwindling due to the fact that they cannot adjust being stripped away from nutrients they have been accustomed to receiving and the slight change in their surrounding environment in which they are supposed to survive and thrive in. For example, the urchin Paracentrotus lividus and Planktonic larvae are one of the many populations being affected by the alteration. Overall, many populations have a specific range of body temperatures in which they can survive in and if the exterior temperature is affecting this, then a negative consequence can occur. Furthermore, interactions between environmental stressors and temperature have the potential to narrow the types of species that will continue to live, decreasing numbers exponentially. (Garcia) Therefore, temperature displays how it is the most important environmental factor controlling the behavior, distribution,, morphology, and physiology of marine invertebrates. For the Planktonic larvae, the warming can help fertilization but a negative consequence is their time span for their lives may be reduced, which can have a bigger result than expected. With them living for less amounts of time, the predators have less of a chance to capture them but with them living for a shorter period of time, the distance they typically travel in their life may be reduced, as well, altering the connectivity between populations for the better or for the worse. Other marine life being affected as well, besides