The Effect Of Classical Music On Short Term Memory

Music, one of the many factors that enhance our lives, has been a widely ranged field. From Classical music to Hip Hop, there are listeners of all ages, each having their own preference of music. Through research, it has been discovered that memory can be affected by many different factors, including music. Music has been found to stimulate parts of the brain, alleviating stress and depression. Additional research also shows that music, especially Classical, enhances the storage and recall of memory. Therefore we decided to test the effect of music on memory to evaluate the changes and differences.

In this study, the effect of music on cognitive performance, depending on personality type, was examined. In this case, whether listening to familiar or unfamiliar music will have an effect on the cognitive performance of extravert and introvert college students. Since the familiar music condition was based on popular music that would typically be constantly heard on the radio, will be easier to catch the participants attention due to preference and liking. Causing more difficulty for the participant to tune out the music and complete the task. However, for the unfamiliar music, since it has most likely never been heard of before, it will be easier to tune out the songs and ultimately perform better on the cognitive tasks at hand. It was hypothesized

In a study done by Jennifer L. Lilley, Crystal D. Oberle, and Jon G. Thompson, Jr. at Texas State University, they tested the effects of grade consequences and music on test anxiety and performance. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of the participants grades if there were consequences and how music effects the participates anxiety and their test performances. There were previous works cited on how people improve their spatial cognitive task performances after listening to Mozart (Ho, Mason, & Spence, 2007). They also included studies where there were no benefits to people’s spatial cognitive task performances after listening to Mozart (Hui, 2006).

It can be proven, through literary research and personal experiences, that music has a positive effect on learning and memory. It can be concluded that these positive effects have an impact on patients with Alzheimer’s, on the motor skills and auditory memory of mentally disabled children, on students attempting to remember subject manner that they are learning, and on the affectivity of advertisements. On a personal note, music has facilitated my ability to remember things, both positive and negative, a number of times. For example, in high school I memorized the days of the week in French by singing them along with a tune that was already familiar to me. I have also had multiple experiences in which I remember things that I do not want

The music of Mozart has been long praised. His classical sonatas and concertos continue to be recognized as some of the greatest works of music of all time. Since Mozart’s death, many have argued over the relationship between listening to Mozart and intelligence, with many arguing that classical music makes you smarter. Although many myths surrounding the topics of Mozart and intelligence exist, in this paper, I will be addressing the myth in the context that solely listening to the music of Mozart will improve cognitive performance before academic functions such as tests.

Peynircioglu of American University showed that among visual learners, music while studying increased the subjects ability to retain information better than it did in auditory learners or musicians. When tested to see whether meaningful melodies would be remembered better than non meaningful melodies, Musicians had a harder time remembering melodies that were determined to be meaningless than visual learners/nonmusicians but had a higher rate of

Cognitive psychology is the study of higher mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, and thinking. Attention is the state of focused awareness on a subset of the available perceptual information. Language is what people say, sign, and write, as well as the processes they go through to produce these messages. Memory is the mental capacity to encode, store, and retrieve information. Perception is the process that organize information in the sensory image and interpret it has been produced by properties of objects or events in the external, three-dimensional world. Problem solving is thinking that is directed toward solving specific problems and that moves from an initial state to a goal state by means

It is not assumed that memory would increase in capacity as a result of classical music. But, that tasks related to short-term memory would enhanced by means of brain structures arousal and improvement of the participants' mood.

Concurrently we expect to find that listening to music that they would not normally listen to will have an even stronger negative impact on our participants recall ability compared to the control, or silent condition. We believe that given the complexities of how the human mind processes music, that trying to add in the equally complex task of reading or memorizing the human mind will simply be overloaded with information. We believe this overload will cause them to perform worse than they would if they were trying to complete those tasks without the distraction of music. These effects have been demonstrated in younger students in the study by Anderson and Fuller (Anderson 2010) we expect to find that these effects are the same in college

In other words, cognitive psychology refers to the study of human mental processes and their role in thinking, feeling and behaving (Bernstein, 2013). According to Jones (2004), the cognitive approach was developed from the basis of Wundt and Titcher’s (1927) theory of structuralism.

Understanding the memory system and functionality of the brain is the first step in understanding how music can influence this mechanic. Research has mainly

MUSIC AROUSAL ON RECALL 2Effects of Low and High Arousal Music on Recall Music is often used in modern day as an aid for recall and retention with homework, studying, and test-taking. Some professors and teachers utilize certain genres of music during tests to assist students in recall. It is common for individuals to listen to music during certain tasks in an attempt to boost either retention or recall. There are many studies that have found correlations between music and memory recall. Most studies conclude that low arousal music is beneficial for both recall and

Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes. The American Psychological Association defines cognitive psychology as "The study of higher mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, and thinking."[1] Much of the work derived from cognitive psychology has been integrated into various other modern disciplines of psychological study including social psychology, personality psychology, abnormal psychology, developmental psychology, and educational psychology.

The article “The effects of music on achievement, attitude and retention in primary school English lessons” by Koksal, Yagisan, and Cekic show the impact music has in the classroom. The Article claims “best learning environment is one that includes music” (Köksal, et al. 1897). Meaning music activates different parts of the brain that coincide with memory. Through an experimental study mentioned in the article shows music has a “increased achievement in English vocabulary learning” (Köksal, et al. 1899). Memory channels are activated and students are able to retain what is being taught through the use of music. Therefore the article suggests music is a method that can be used in primary schools to exercise the mind helping students hold onto what they learn for longer periods of time. The authors argue music brings out a different level of intelligence in the classroom. However the article fails to briefly describe traditional methods, other possible methods, and possible defaults of a music learning environment jeopardizing a overall well conducted study of music used as a source of education.

Cognitive psychology approach focuses on a person’s internal mental processes for example perception, attention and memory, and how theses mental processes influence a person’s behaviour. Humans differ from many other species but most importantly in terms of their cognitive abilities such as thinking, reasoning and problem solving. The Cognitive approach relates to most of the other approaches such as developmental,