The Effect Of Concentration On The Ph Levels Of A Base Level

The temperature can have a major impact on an enzyme. According to Campbell Biology author Reece etc. 2011 “The enzyme reaction will increase as the temperature increase with the increasing temperature….substrates collide with active sites more frequently when the molecules move rapidly.”(Reece etc 2011) Every enzyme hits its optimal temperature the reaction will be at its highest point.(Reece etc. 2011) When the

Enzymes are types of proteins that work as a substance to help speed up a chemical reaction (Madar & Windelspecht, 104). There are three factors that help enzyme activity increase in speed. The three factors that speed up the activity of enzymes are concentration, an increase in temperature, and a preferred pH environment. Whether or not the reaction continues to move forward is not up to the enzyme, instead the reaction is dependent on a reaction’s free energy. These enzymatic reactions have reactants referred to as substrates. Enzymes do much more than create substrates; enzymes actually work with the substrate in a reaction (Madar &Windelspecht, 106). For reactions in a cell it is

Enzymes will denature if they get too hot or cold or if the pH of the solution they are in is too high or too

Enzymes are defined as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions but remain the same themselves. The shape of an enzyme enables it to receive one type of molecule and that specific molecule will fit into the enzyme’s shape. Where a substance fits into an enzyme is called the active site and the substance that fits into the active site is called a substrate. Several factors affect enzymes and the rate of their reactions. Temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators can all affect enzymes. Temperature can affect enzymes because if the temperature gets too high, it can cause the enzyme to denature. pH can affect an enzyme by changing the shape of the enzyme or the charge properties of the substrate so that either the substrate cannot bind to the active site or it cannot undergo catalysis. Every enzyme has an ideal pH that it will strive in. Increasing substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction because more substrate molecules will be interacting and colliding with enzyme molecules, so more product will be formed. Inhibitors can affect enzymes and the rate of their reactions by either slowing down or stopping catalysis. The three types of inhibitors include competitive, non-competitive, and substrate inhibition.

Temperature affects the rate of which the enzyme reacts, enzymes react typically faster in hotter temperatures than colder. Ph levels that are extremely low or high can stop enzyme activity completely or slow them down.If there is more enzyme concentration the reaction is quicker because enzymes become constant. Also if substrate activity increases, so the reaction time speeds up until maximum is reached.

On the biochemical level, enzymes work at precise temperatures and pH levels. When the temperature goes up, enzyme activity speeds up. When temperatures decrease, enzyme activity slows down. If an enzyme is at too high of a temperature, it stops functioning. Stomach enzymes function in a more

Enzymes work by reducing the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction to take place, this means that reactions are processed much more quickly at temperatures

pH along with temperature and concentration is a limiting factor of enzyme activity. Enzymes, which are proteins, have a distinct pH range in which they work most effectively. Beyond or below this specific pH, enzyme activity begins to diminish and eventually the enzyme is rendered useless. The optimum pH of an enzyme is the pH at which it is most effective and causes the fastest rate of reaction(source). This decrease in enzyme activity beyond the optimum pH is attributed to the change in shape of the active site(explained earlier) of the enzyme. This change in shape can be brought upon when the surrounding pH moves away from the optimum pH, and it can prevent the enzyme from binding with the substrate.

Enzymes have a certain shape which when the right chemical molecule for that enzymes shape comes along, it will match the shape perfectly. The area of the certain shape is referred to as the active site of an enzyme, and the molecule that the enzyme works on is known as the substrate. The shape of an enzyme only matches with one type of molecule (Abpischools.org.uk, 2016). Different factors can affect the rate at which enzymes work, the main two factors are pH and temperature. By increasing the temperature, the kinetic energy of the enzyme and the substrate molecules increases as well, this means that they move around faster and have a higher chance of colliding with a molecule.

An increase in enzyme concentration will increase enzyme substrate speed up the rate of reaction until the saturation point is reached. (Enzymes and...) Meaning that all the enzyme active sites are occupied by substrate and can no longer enhance in activity. For the next experiment we tested on was temperature. I hypothesis, that the enzyme energy will increase as the temperature rises and have little energy as it lowers. When the temperature rises the activity of the enzyme and substrate collisions increases as well. But, it will hit its maximum point where its bonds will begin to break down. We first measured the absorbance rate at 0 Celsius giving a us .001405 (1/s) and giving the product a light shade of brown. The reaction rate became more active as the temperature rose and the color would darken. But, when reaching over 40 Celsius that’s when the enzyme began to denature. Also, when reaching 100 Celsius the enzyme reaction rate was less than .0005 (1/s) and the solution stayed transparent. Next, we tested the pH, it’s a scale that measures 0 to 14, 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most

Most enzymes require specific conditions for them to efficiently function. These conditions include temperature, concentration of salt, and the pH level. If the optimum conditions for an enzyme are changed, the enzyme may denature and deactivate. As a result, the enzyme would not be able to catalyze the reaction, and the reaction rate would considerably decrease (Worthington 2010).

Factors include temperature, pH, inhibitors and activators-all of which will be tested and observed for in this lab. The rate of enzyme-catalyzed is affected by concentrations of both substrate and enzyme. Increasing the temperature on a reaction increases its molecular movement. The rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction increases with temperatures but only up until the point of optimum temperature-the highest point before the eventual decline. Below the optimum temperature, the hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions that make the enzyme its given shape can no longer be supported by its flexibility.

Temperature has a negative and positive effect on enzymes. As the temperature increases from 0 to 40 degrees (See Fig 2) the movement of the enzyme and substrate quicken and will bind more often.But, as the temperature increase from 40 degrees the enzyme and substrate slow and cannot bind as quick and therefore at 63 degrees production stops.

Enzyme activity has an optimum temperature, if it is higher than its optimum, high temperatures will consequently denature the active site. If the active site is altered, the substrate will be unable to bind, and enzyme activity rapidly decreases which then leads towards

Typically, when the temperature increases, the rate of enzyme’s reaction increase. But at a certain high temperature, the enzymes start to denature (that is, the properties of the protein begin to be destroyed by heat). This means that the enzymes begin to be unable to carry out reactions in the body and the enzymes will begin to be destroyed by the heat. You can see the graph below, which shows that as the temperature increases slowly, the enzyme activity also increases until about 37ºC.