The Effect Of Detrital Zircon Dating On South Australia

“A minority disputes this theory, arguing that other events-such as volcanic eruptions, sea-level changes or a series of impacts-were to blame for the spectacular loss of species that occurred at the transition between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods…”

Geologists believe that this section of South Australia was covered by the sea. Only around 50 million years ago, movements in the Earth’s crust uplifted the land and rocks to create the Mount Lofty Ranges. Now days, water flows through the mountain ranges, creating Fourth Creek and the three waterfalls.

The island is a world heritage site in the Southern Ocean, south-east of Tasmania and between Australia and the Antarctica.

The Lynne deposit lies within the early Proterozoic Penokean fold belt of the southern province of the Precambrian Shield. The fold belt is divided into two major terranes in Wisconsin (Sims 1989). The first is the northern Penokean terrane, which contains major oxide facies iron formations and granitic intrusions (DeMatties 1989). The second major terrane, separated from the Penokean terrane by the Niagara fault zone, is the Wisconsin magmatic terrane, characterized by a volcanic island arc-basin assemblage (Sims 1989). This southern terrane lacks major oxide facies iron formations, but contains abundant tonalite-granite intrusions (DeMatties 1989). The Wisconsin magmatic terrane is further subdivided into the northern Pembine-Wausau terrane and the southern Marshfield terrane, which are separated by the Eau Pleine shear zone, a north-dipping subduction zone (Sims 1989).

Kangaroo Point Cliffs are one of the most iconic places that highlight Brisbane city’s history along with the Brisbane City Hall and Story Bridge. These cliffs were known by Aborigines even before European settlers arrived in Brisbane. The development around the Kangaroo Point Cliff was started in the 1900s when roads were developed around the cliff. Today, the Kangaroo Point Cliff offers many adventurous activities such as rock climbing, kayaking on the Brisbane River, Segway tours, bike riding around the garden etc. The rocks found on these steep cliffs are known as the ‘Brisbane Tuff’. These unique pink and green stones were also used in building public buildings during the 1820s and 1830s. The very steep feature and gas holes on the cliff plays a significant role in identifying these cliffs a result of a volcanic eruption (Visit Brisbane, 2018). This essay analyses geological formation of Kangaroo Point cliff and the Brisbane tuff which the

Florida and Shenandoah National Park have many commonalities as well as differences that makes each of these geologic setting unique. Though North America looks like Florida and Shenandoah National Park never seemed to collide with one another, Shenandoah has a rock record of being about 1 billion years old that constructed the North American continent and a building block that formed the Appalachians through orogenies. Florida falls about 300 million years old with the North American plate, however findings that were part of Gondwana provides evidence of the origin of Florida. With a vast time difference of these rock records, what can be furthered analyzed of what the

Sedimentary rocks interpret dinosaur habitats through encased environmental structures of the past. Through sedimentary rocks, paleoecologists’ can examine the arranged formation of sedimentary structures to specify what type of environment the dinosaurs’ lived in. An example of a specific sedimentary rock structure can be seen through formed weathering and ripple marks by how wind and sand formed distinct patterns in the past layered sediment. These arrangements provide interpretations on the structure of the sediment and the habitat of encased fossils, through modern day comparisons

The Riversleigh fossil site is a part of the Boodjamulla National Park. The site was World Heritage listed in 1994. The fossil record of Riversleigh's habitats have greatly strengthened our understanding of evolution, origins, and the history of organisms. Many of the most abnormal and phenomenal organisms in the Australian fossil record have been discovered at the site. The sight contained about 30,000 footprints from a stampede involving nearly 200 dinosaurs. It sits on the south-western boundary of the Territory of the Waanyi Aboriginal clan. Riversleigh contains a collection of many fossils from around ten to thirty million years ago. Its record of mammal evolution spans of twenty million years in length at least. The fossils of thousands

Proof of volcanic activity related to the break-up of Australia and Antarctica is seen at Bunbury, which is located 150km south of Perth, at the point where the basalt is of early Cretaceous, also on the middle Jurassic Kangaroo Island. However, evidence of Cenozoic eruptions is only seen in Eastern Highland. All through the Cenozoic, hot spot volcanic event transpire (Sutherland et al., 1985). Most of these events follow the Miocene (Stephenson et al., 1980) with recent eruptions close to the southern and northern margin of volcanic zone at southeast of South Australia and north Queensland respectively.

a) Discuss current research into the evolutionary relationships between extinct species, including megafauna and extant Australian species.

The South Brae oilfield is mainly Kimmeridgian to mid-Volgian in age, however on some accounts it may possibly be of Oxfordian (Turner et al, 1987). The oilfield is heavily developed along the western, fault-bounded margin of the South Viking Graben approximately 161 miles NE of Aberdeen flanking Fladen Ground Spur (see Fig.1). The Upper Jurassic rifting of the South Viking Graben encountered, pronounced movement along the western bounding fault as syn-rift extension proceeded (Harris & Fowler, 1987, Gregory et al, 2007). Syn‐tectonic deposition throughout the Jurassic ensued the formation of a distinct sediment wedge thinning eastwards into the basin, outlining the main phase of fault movement down the boundary fault (Roberts, 1991). As a result, the Brae oilfields are a series of

This assignment will briefly study the theoretical dimensions of the tectonic by indicate the background and the process of development from not only Australia but also the overall world. And after that, the theoretical discourse will be discussed from the works of Donovan Hill and Glenn Murcutt as contributing to the continuance and development of tectonic tradition. During the whole essay, some of the interpretations by critics, writers and historians will be examined as well.

This porphyry copper-gold deposit was created by a number of tectonic events, along with hydrothermal alteration. It is located in Northwest B.C. on the Todagain Plateau, about 80km south of Dease Lake. The Red Chris deposit has dimensions of approximately 6.5km in length and 1.5 km in width, towards the surface (Gillstrom, Anand, & Robertson, February 14, 2012). Early exploration of this area began in 1956 (Baker, Ash, & Thompson, September 2, 1998). The first exploration holes were drilled in 1960, by Texas Gulf Sulfur (Patrick McCandless, personal communications, November 8). Imperial Metals Red Chris deposit, like most large deposits, had to have many drill holes done to determine the overall shape and grade of the deposit. 584 drill holes in total were drilled to delineate the deposit (Chris Rees, personal communications, November 9). The most significant of these drill holes was hole 07-335, located in the east zone it was graded at 1.01% copper, and 1.26g/t throughout its length of 1,024.1m (Gillstrom, Anand, & Robertson, February 14, 2012). “In my opinion this could have possibly been the best hole ever drilled said Chris Rees (personal communications, November

Notwithstanding the fact that he later alludes to the Neoproterozoic supercontinent as Paleo Pangaea. In (1984) additionally noticed that there were critical tracts of cracked edges encompassing Laurentia furthermore, proposed a recreation for the Neoproterozoic supercontinent, in any case, did not give it a name. Rodinia was the first one give a name a transient system (Neoproterozoic) what's more, remaking for the supercontinent were McMenamin furthermore, McMenamin (1990; Fig. 3). The remaking given by McMenamin and McMenamin (1990) depended on prior reproductions of McMenamin (1982), Piper (1987), Donovan (1987) and Sears what's more, Price (1978). The name Rodinia is determined from the Russian infinitive "rodit" that signifies 'to bring forth' or 'to develop' and was picked in light of the fact that it was at that

These techniques led to the discovery of the boundary between the two eras. A single thin layer of clay found within predominantly limestone rocks established this. By comparing the marine life found in, above, and below the clay, the marine life, like the dinosaurs, had been terribly affected by the extinction event. The percentage of life in the upper layers was dramatically lower than that in the lower. This was far more compelling than what was suggested by dinosaur’s fossils.