The Effect Of Diabetic Retinopathy On Patients With Diabetes Mellitus ( Dm )

Problems like cataracts, glaucoma, and damage to the retina (retinopathy) are issues for many people with diabetes. You must regularly visit an eye doctor, such an optometrist or ophthalmologist, in order to check for these potentially serious conditions.

This article goes in detail about the complications of Type 2 Diabetes, on how hyperglycemia damages the vascular system leading to microvascular disease and macrovascular disease. The complications of microvascular disease are diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic neuropathy. On the other hand, with macrovascular disease includes Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD), such as Atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the article gives recommendations of treating Type 2 Diabetes and the prevention of its health related complications with medication, screening, diet, and exercise.

Retinal vein occlusion is the second leading cause of vascular disorder after diabetic retinopathy.1 Retinal vein occlusions are classified into 3 categories depending on the location of the thrombus formation; branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), and hemi retinal vein occlusion (Hemi-RVO). 7 BRVO is considered to be the most common among the retinal vein occlusions.6 BRVO occurs more often in men than women. Asians (5.7 per 1000) and Hispanics (6.9 per 1000) are at greater risk of developing BRVO than other ethnicities.6 The age range of patients diagnosed with retinal vein occlusion ranges from young as 14 years of age to old as 92 years of age, with 51% of patients being older than 65 years.3 Advancing age is an important risk factor for developing retinal vein occlusions. Prevalence of retinal vein occlusions in 40-49 years old is 1.57 per 1,000, 4.58 per 1,000 in 50-59 years old, 11.11 per 1,000 in 60-69 years old, 12.76 per 1,000 in 70-79 years old, and 10.32 per 1,000 in those older than 80 years.6

Results: The study included 40 eyes of 21 patients. All patients completed at least 6 months

The American Diabetes Association (AMA) and American Academy of Ophthalmology recommend patients with diabetes receive a fundoscopic examination. This is a common test done by ophthalmologists that uses

Diabetic retinopathy involves changes to retinal blood vessels that can cause them to bleed or leak fluid, distorting vision.

Preproliferative retinopathy indicates further destruction of retinal capillaries. Proliferative retinopathy is the severe form and the capillaries become occluded, and new blood vessels are formed to supply the retina with blood. It is caused by damage to the sensitive blood vessels in the eyes. Retinopathy can be worsened by severe hypertension because of the additional stress it places on the blood vessels. Diabetic patients should be referred to ophthalmolgists for annual eye examination (Baumann, Chang & Hoebeke 2002:191; Butterworth Medical Dictionary 1990:1467; Campbell, Pearson, Ratner & Wysham 1997:69; Long term Complications [sa]:36; Recognition [Sa]:31; Smeltzer & Bare

This article discussed the eye disease, Glaucoma. There are two types of Glaucoma; open-angle and closed-angle. Open-angle Glaucoma there are no visual abnormalities, but there is a mechanical obstruction interfering with the drainage pathway. While closed-angle Glaucoma is a physical obstruction. Signs and symptoms of Glaucoma are; headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, halo vision, and eye pain. Glaucoma progresses slowly and is asymptomatic at first. As the disease progresses symptoms appear, if symptoms are present then there is already irreversible damage to the eye. There is no cure for Glaucoma, treatment is aimed at slowing the progression of the disease. Diagnostic tests done to detect Glaucoma are; measuring IOP, evaluation of

Mr. Ramcharan is well known to me. He presents with a history of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with status post vitrectomy in his right eye. We have been following him for a new diabetic related vitreous hemorrhage in his left eye of three weeks duration. He feels his vision is unchanged overall.

Diabetes mellitus is a category of metabolic diseases distinguished by hyperglycemia from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The most widespread form of this disease is Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which accounts for 85-95% of all diagnosed cases. Often times these cases are without symptoms during their early stages and sometimes remains undetected for many years. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is connected with enduring dysfunction and damage to various organs including the eyes,

Diabetes is a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterised by high levels of blood glucose (hyperglycaemia) due to defects in the β cell function in the pancreas which is impacting the insulin secretion or insulin action, resulting in the inability to self-regulate the levels of blood glucose in the body (Stumvoll et al.,2005). Short term symptoms of hyperglycaemia include: polyuria , polydipsia, blurred vision, however the chronic effects of hyperglycaemia are associated with long term organ dysfunction and damage, especially the blood vessels, retina in the eye, kidneys and heart (Uazman et al., 2014). Diabetes has become a world-wide concern due to its high prevalence in the world (in 2015, 415 million of people were estimated

Diabetic retinopathy M.C. has been having problem with her sight. She has been experiencing blurry vision even her glucose

A clinical study presented in the 119th annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology by Dr Donald Tan of the Singapore National Eye Center and his colleagues

Cataractogenesis, or opacification of the ocular lens of the eyes (cataracts), is a multifactorial process that may be initiated by oxidative damage from oxygen radicals [1]. Cataracts are the world's leading cause of blindness, accounting for approximately 42% of all cases of blindness in all nations [1,2]. In most cases, cataracts are age-related [3,4]; in other cases, it may be related to eye trauma, long-term diabetes, corticosteroid medications or radiation treatments [5]. Although surgery is often effective in restoring vision [6], this intervention still remains a major healthcare cost in Europe and other Western countries [7].

Diabetes Mellitus is “a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is a disease which is caused by the insufficient insulin secretion or decrease in the peripheral effects of insulin. It is a serious problem in terms of morbidity and mortality. The hyperglycemia is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. It’s associated with many complications which includes blindness of the eyes and amputations of the extremities. It is also associated with neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases which lead to mortalities.