The Effect Of Nutrition On Reproductive Performance

The ability to compare and relate from animal models shows us that the reproductive physiology can provide us with the knowledge to understand and question theories that are left unanswered (Davis et al. 2010).

Humans have a less varied diet than primates, and the effect of domestication on our foods is evident. Domesticated fruits have a different sugar content than wild fruits. They are sweeter, containing mostly sucrose and fructose, while wild fruits contain mainly glucose. (Milton 1993) Wild fruits contain more seeds, are more fibrous, have higher amounts of micronutrients and have more protein than their domesticated counterparts. Wild fruits have a richer mineral content than domesticated fruits, having higher contents of calcium, potassium, phosphorus and iron. (Milton 1999) Primate diets in the wild well exceed the daily set recommendations of nutrients and minerals for humans, while some humans subsisting on domesticated and processed products do no receive adequate nutrition. One vitamin of particular interest is vitamin C. Humans and non-human primates, unlike most other mammals, cannot synthesize this compound. It is hypothesized that this is because their herbivorous diet provides high amounts of the nutrient, and is is indeed the case, particularly for primates subsisting on a wild diet. (Web 2002) Another area of consideration is fat content in the diet. Primates consume less fat than the modern Westerner. The content of fat that primates consume is also fairly balanced between saturated and unsaturated fats. In the modern Western diet, most fats consumed are saturated animal fats and seed oils. Although we consume most of our protein from animal sources, primates are able to maintain adequate protein intake from their mostly herbivorous diet. (Milton

Dr. Kim Vonnahme has been a very important addition to the Animal Science Department at NDSU for the past eleven years. She has brought her tremendous knowledge of the reproductive tracts in animals to research and hands on projects for the students here at NDSU. Dr. Vonnahme received her Bachelor of Science Degree in Animal Science at Iowa State University in 2006. She continued to further her educational background by attending Oklahoma State University to obtain her Master’s Degree in Animal Science in 1998. Afterwards, she attended University of Wyoming to receive her PhD in Reproductive Physiology (Kim Vonnahme, 2014; Research Profile-Kim, 2014).

Dr Rose blast 's review was an imperative normal trial for evaluating the long haul impacts of starvation on consequent eras. Be that as it may, the program didn 't talk about whether these sickness affiliations happen simply after outrageous caloric limitation or whether they could apply to typical varieties in mother 's eating routine.

Just as nutrition can have drastic effects on one’s physical health, nutrition can affect one’s mental health as well. The most common mental disorders that are prevalent in numerous countries are depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The dietary pattern of the general population in many countries reflect that they are often deficient in many nutrients, especially essential vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. Deficiency in these vitamins can lead to depression.

During pregnancy the mother has certain nutrient needs. When a mother is pregnant in the second and third trimesters, she should take in an additional 340-352 kilocalories per day. Pregnant women should also have an extra 25 grams of protein per day and 175 grams per day of carbohydrates. Water intake also increases when a woman is pregnant due to the fetus’s needs, increased blood volume and amniotic fluid being produced. Pregnant women also need higher levels of vitamins. Infants need to have an increased energy supply during their first months of life because of rapid growth using so much of their own energy. During the first six months of an infant’s life, they should take in about 55% of their energy from fat. During the second six months, it should be about 40%. Carbohydrates, proteins, other vitamins and water should be increased also. Children should have around 45 to 65% of carbohydrates of energy. Children ages one to three should have about 1.3 liters of water per day and children ages four to eight should have about 1.7 liters of water per day. Adolescents also have their own nutrient needs. Girls need around 2100 to 2400 kilocalories per day and boy need around 2200 to 3150 kilocalories per day. Protein intake should be about 0.8 grams per kilograms per day. Vitamin and mineral needs are increased more during adolescent years than childhood. In adulthood and on, there is a decrease in the needs for energy. Protein is still at 0.8 grams per kilograms of body weight per day and fat needs do not change either. Carbohydrates and fiber do not change but the total amount that is needed may decrease. Water needs should stay around 1.7 liters per day, but as adults get older, they may lose their thirst. Most elderly do not need to change the amount of vitamins and minerals they take in but it is common for them to be deficient in

The manifestation of an inadequate diet during early phases of reproduction may take on several forms. Those most likely to be recognized are:

According to the information given by SuperTracker regarding Pam’s diet, she is clearly deficient in vitamins and minerals that are essential during pregnancy. These vitamins and minerals play a crucial role in fetal development and keeping her weight within healthy ranges. A few adjustments to Pam’s lifestyle could go a long way in transforming her body into an ideal one for childbearing.

The wild seahorse population has been in decline for years, and to protect them we need to have a better understanding on how they reproduce. A study was performed to observe seahorse fecundity (the ability to produce an abundance of offspring; fertility) and egg quality, and the effects it has in their diet. There were two diets that were tested with “Hippocampus kuda females”, which is known as the common yellow seahorse. Diet one consisted of frozen mysis, which was the control for this experiment. The second diet was also frozen mysis, but it was enriched with liposome containing essential fatty acids. Over the duration of seven weeks, two groups of five females received the diet. Afterwards, the females and the males who were fed the control

During gestation in ewes, nutrients provided to the dam are partition to the fetus and dam. The fetus’ needs are placed before the ewe. Consequently, improper feeding of the dam during gestation can have detrimental effects to not only the dam but also the fetus. In some instances, these effects are life long and can alter the efficiency of the animal. To investigate the effects of plane of nutrition on ewe and offspring, eighty-four Rambouillet ewes were chosen and placed into 2 X 3 X 2 treatments with factors including adequate selenium (ASe) or high selenium (HSe) started at breeding, nutritional planes of 60% (restricted, RES), 100% (controlled, CON), or 140% (high, HIH) according to the National Research Council and started at forty days of gestation, and physiological stage at necropsy (three to twenty-four hours after postpartum or day twenty of lactation).

biased between the male and the female reproductive biology. The article focuses on the role of

This development perspective is based in large component on the fact that humans are mammals. Male and female mammals differ enormously in energetic investment in generating offspring. Female mammals produce not only eggs but also a body which fetal growth takes place. After birth, they are required to produce milk and care for their offspring until the age of weaning. Males are required to produce sperm at the time of fertilization, and that is all. Following investment, “which can take the form if provisioning a pregnant or lactating female or providing food for the young, is not required, and in many species, including most primate species, males do not directly participate or invest in rearing young” ((Standford, John, & Anton, 2013, p.

I knew I was pregnant when my daily meals became breakfast, shortly followed by brunch, then lunch, supper, dinner, dessert and a large snack before bed. It was a glorious time for all of my eating fantasies.

Fertility and its nature has always been a dilemma that societies, cultures, and humans have faced. Dating all the way back to prehistoric times there have been many remedies that have been conjured up in order to harness the power of fertility. It is “as a life giver, she was identified with the mysterious powers of procreation and exalted as Mother Earth” (Fiero 5). Due to this responsibility, the numerous female statuettes excavated by archaeologists displayed the vital role that women had in prehistoric communities. Also, the art suggests the figurines seem to have featured certain aspects of the female anatomy that were hyperbolized and accentuated. These features were the breasts, glutes, and abdomen. This presented the major physical changes of woman as she carried another human being in her whom for nine months.

We are required to obtain certain amount of nutrients from food. Food can simply divide into 2 groups, macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients composition. Both of the groups mentioned do affect the metabolism rate. According to Hulbert and Else, dietary fatty acid will affect the metabolism rate and some of the polyunsaturated fatty acid will increase the metabolism rate (1999). Meanwhile, different kinds of animals have their own unique requirement for macro-nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates and fat. Moreover, most of the food intake is driven by achieving the required protein intake. Animals on a low protein diet will over eat carbohydrates and fat until the protein requirement has been satisfied. If this case