The Effect Of Outdoor Two Stroke Power Equipment

After many years of trial and error, a combination of inventors and engineers developed a practical, effective internal combustion engine that greatly affected the world. This paper will give opposing views on the background and analyze the effects it had on transportation and the environment.

The billion dollar racing industry uses high-octane fossil fuels for competition. Lately, ecologists and governments have begun to highlight the need for the racing industry to switch from high-octane fuels to biofuels. The concern for preserving diesel fuels stems from its non-renewal in nature; however, the racing industry should not be forced to use biofuels because of three primary reasons – performance, cost effectiveness and high infrastructure expenditure.

The second largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States is related to transportation, the burning of oil to produce energy in a combustion motor. The combustion process inside of engines is what produces the carbon matter that is emitted into the air through the exhaust system on gas-powered vehicles. Gas-powered transportation is accountable for 24 percent of the global carbon emissions; this should not come as much of a surprise given the amount of urban sprawl that is being seen in the United States and across the globe. In the past decade, the Environmental Protection Agency, the United States government, and major car manufacturers have been working in conjunction to find ways to provide a “greener” form of transportation (EPA, 2011). This has included testing the use of hydropower, ethanol, natural gas, biodiesel, and electricity as a means of powering vehicles, which has led to the introduction of hybrid vehicles. Hybrid vehicles run on electricity and gasoline, the byproduct of oil that is generally used in the engine combustion process of vehicles (U.S. Department of

Gasoline are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons (Gary et al, J., 2007) additives, and blending agents. The composition of gasoline depends on the refinery processes, the crude oil used, the overall balance of product demand, and the especially the product specifications. The typical composition of gasoline hydrocarbons (% volume) is: 4-8% alkanes; 2-5% alkenes; 25-40% isoalkanes; 3-7% cycloalkanes; l-4% cycloalkenes; and 20-50% total aromatics (0.5-2.5% benzene). Table 1 shows

Vehicles emissions and waste products currently have a significant impact on the health of the environment. In American vehicles have the largest impact upon air quality, producing approximately one-third of all America's air pollution (National Geographic, n.d). There are multiple waste products which are produced by vehicles including; smog, carbon monoxide, and other toxins which are emitted out of the tailpipe (National Geographic, n.d). Tailpipes as they are at street level, are extremely dangerous as humans are able to breathe in the polluted air directly into their lungs (National Geographic, n.d).

In the early days of the automobile the steam engine was first fitted to a three wheeled vehicle, this was quickly replaced by the internal combustion engine, for in my opinion the practical reason of carrying fuel was easier in a liquid form rather than in the form of coal, wood and water. But ever since that day and especially ever since the 1960 's when laws were enacted for safety and for the environment automakers have been working to make the internal combustion engine work better and cleaner. This has brought us engines like the Flex Fuel engine. This is an engine that can run on gasoline but can also run on a high ethanol containing fuel. The issue with ethanol is that it produced a lot of octane, but not a lot of mileage, but because it is made from bio mass it is a greener form of fuel. Another way they have tried to make the engine better is through on demand cylinders. This is where a vehicle might have a v8 engine, but only uses those

All kinds of vehicle engines work with fuels produced from petroleum. However, petroleum stocks in the world are limited and expected to be exhausted in about 41 years. Limited energy sources warn of a potential lack of energy in the future. Depletion of fossil fuels and environmental considerations have led engineers and scientists to anticipate the need to develop a clean, renewable and sustainable energy system (yutsel et

Blending ethanol with diesel fuel has several issues in terms of performance and emission lev-els. A number of studies have examined the effect of ethanol on thermal efficiency, brake power, fuel consumption and emission levels. Some research [114, 120, 125, 126] obtained dif-ferent results in terms of performance and emission levels. Most of this research agreed that ethanol causes an increase in fuel consumption (BSFC) and a decrease in the efficiency of the diesel engines. Chen et al. [120] showed that ethanol could decrease some types of emissions such as smoke and PM because high oxygen content helps to complete the combustion. When vegetable methyl ester was added to

There have been many advancements in reducing emissions of gasoline and diesel powered vehicles. Every month we hear of another vehicle running on petroleum fuels, reducing emissions, and increasing efficiency. "Direct diesel injection into ICE cylinders increases mileage by 20%," (DiChristina, 43), for example. Also, ozone precursor release in the 1960's was on average 324 lb/Yr., whereas now it is 21 lb/Yr. In 2001 it is expected to be 12 lb/Yr., a 96% improvement (Derr, 30). But this paper is examining non-petrol fuels. There are also many advancements

The cars of the street are powered by gasoline, or as some may know it petroleum. Some heavier vehicles run on diesel and its domestic variants. The following are some of the properties of these dominating fuels.

It is used as fuel for automobiles as well as for heating purposes at homes. Biodiesel is known as the biggest consumer of this form of biofuel is Europe which also leads in the production of this form. The way it is produced by the most common method of production of biofuels that is transesterification, which was described above. The examples of sources from where the triglycerides maybe be obtained are sunflower, soy, algae and corn. The reason of popularity for biodiesel is mainly its clean nature of burning which emits very low amount of polluting gases. Biodiesel is now not only used in automobiles but it is also used in running machineries and other commercial equipment’s. Bio ethers are the types of biofuel can improve the performance of engines when considering fuel/oxygen-factor. They can enhance the levels of fuel/oxygen. This factor ensures spontaneous and high temperature burning. On a whole engine performance can be improved as a result of this.” (InnovateUs Inc, 2015)

The increasing industrialization and modernisation of the world has resulted in a precipitous growth for the demand of petroleum-based fuels (Agrawal, 2007). In 2014 in UK, a total of 54.2 million tonnes of oil equivalent (mtoe) of energy was used in transportation which is nearly 40% of all of the energy consumed (DECC, 2015, p. 8). “Progressive depletion of conventional fossil fuels with increasing energy consumption and GHG emissions have led to a move towards alternative, renewable, sustainable, efficient and cost-effective energy sources with lesser emissions” (Nigama, P, S., & Singhb, A., 2011). In order to reduce carbon emissions from vehicles the UK parliament enacted the Renewable Transport Fuels Obligation (RTFO) in 2007 (UK,

Engine crankcase oils influence automotive fuel efficiency through the energy required to overcome viscous shear and boundary friction. Energy Conservation is an important performance feature of gasoline engine oils. Studies of power loss in internal combustion engines indicate that only 40% of the power developed by motor vehicles is available for useful work output and about a quarter of this work is consumed by friction losses. With half of these losses occurring in the piston assembly alone, the behavior of lubricants in this part of the engine are of particular importance. Past improvements in the lubricant-related fuel savings have principally derived from the development of the lower SAE viscosity grades. Fuel economy has linear relationship with

Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils, used cooking oils, and animal fats by the production process called “trans-esterification” to convert those mixtures to the chemicals which have long chain mono alkyl esters or fatty acid methyl esters which can be used as “fuel” for vehicles. Approximately, 100 pounds of vegetable oil react with 10 pounds of alcohol (commonly methanol) in the presence of a catalyst, sodium hydroxide; later, 100 pounds of biodiesel and 10 pounds of glycerol (co-product) can be produced. For the glycerol which can be used for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Therefore, biodiesel can be considered as totally natural, alternative fuel source to be available for using in most of

Due to the local topography and climatology, Bio-fuels can be produced from various sources. Likewise every nation will have its own source. Kanuga oil is abundantly available in india but it 's not been used and if used it 's a great resource of energy. This study explores the potential alternate for diesel as fuel for automobiles and other industrial purposes. This study is focused on kanuga methyl esters performance and emission characteristics and comparing it with the traditional petroleum diesel. The fuels are used pure methyl ester and different blends of the methyl ester with diesel.