The Effect Of Temperature On The Rate Of Reaction Of Enzyme Activity

Temperature is a measure of kinetic energy. As this movement increases, collision rate and intensity, and therefore reaction rates, increase. This experiment was conducted to determine if there is a minimum temperature that increase kinetic energy and denature enzymes to slow enzymatic reactions or fail to catalyze them. The experimental results indicate an increase in temperature will increase reaction rates until proteins denature.

Temperature controls the speed the enzymes work at. Higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy which increases the chance of collision therefore speeding up the rate of

As the temperature increases, so will the rate of enzyme reaction. However, as the temperature exceeds the optimum the rate of reaction will decrease.

Background and Introduction: Enzymes are proteins that process substrates, which is the chemical molecule that enzymes work on to make products. Enzyme purpose is to increase the rate of activity and speed up chemical reaction in a form of biological catalysts. The enzymes specialize in lowering the activation energy to start the process. Enzymes are very specific in their process, each substrate is designed to fit with a specific substrate and the enzyme and substrate link at the active site. The binding of a substrate to the active site of an enzyme is a very specific interaction. Active sites are clefts or grooves on the surface of an enzyme, usually composed of amino acids from different parts of the polypeptide chain that are brought together in the tertiary structure of the folded protein. Substrates initially bind to the active site by noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. Once a substrate is bound to the active site of an enzyme, multiple mechanisms can accelerate its conversion to the product of the reaction. But sometimes, these enzymes fail or succeed to increase the rate of action because of various factors that limit the action. These factors can be known as temperature, acidity levels (pH), enzyme and/or substrate concentration, etc. In this experiment, it will be tested how much of an effect

These results show how temperature of extreme high, or low affects enzyme activity. The highest rate of enzyme activity occurred at 37 Cº. Anything that was hotter or cold than 37 Cº slowed the reaction rate. As I thought, 100 degrees would denature the enzyme, and that was the case. The data provided shows exactly what temperatures enzymes work best, and worst. The objective was achieved as we discovered the different reaction rates under different temperatures. The results are reliable, as we know enzymes do not work well when under extreme heat or denaturation occurs. What I learned in this experiment was that enzymes don’t work well under cold temperatures because they tend to move slower. My hypothesis did not quite match, because I thought they work best at lower temperatures.

Hypothesis: If the temperature increases, then rate of the chemical reaction will increase as well, and if the temperature decreases, then the rate of reaction will also decrease.

As stated in the introduction, three conditions that may affect enzyme activity are salinity, temperature, and pH. In experiment two, we explored how temperature can affect enzymatic activity. Since most enzymes function best at their optimum temperature or room temperature, it was expected that the best reaction is in this environment. The higher the temperature that faster the reaction unless the enzyme is denatured because it is too hot. Similarly, pH and salinity can affect enzyme activity.

Temperature affects the rate of which the enzyme reacts, enzymes react typically faster in hotter temperatures than colder. Ph levels that are extremely low or high can stop enzyme activity completely or slow them down.If there is more enzyme concentration the reaction is quicker because enzymes become constant. Also if substrate activity increases, so the reaction time speeds up until maximum is reached.

An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of reaction in certain biological functions. They play a vital role in many aspects of human physiology and are necessary for the functioning of a number of systems, for example in the digestive system to help to break down food. All enzymes have a unique active site that can fit on to a particular molecular arrangement on a target substrate; a substance e.g. carbohydrate, protein, or fat, that the enzyme is designed to breakdown. There are a number of different enzymes in the human body; each type produced specifically to perform a certain role. Enzymes are not themselves destroyed in the reaction to break down a

In this experiment we tested the effects that enzymes and substrate have on chemical reaction rates, which is the rate at which chemical reactions occur.. This experiment tested how different concentrations of enzyme and substrate affected the light absorption measurements on a spectrophotometer. The experiment also tested how temperature affected the light absorption, and in a separate test, the effect of the enzyme inhibitor hydroxylamine was also tested. In the first test conducted, 3 different concentrations of enzyme, and three different concentrations of substrate were measured in a spectrophotometer. For the enzyme and the substrate, the measurements got higher as the concentrations were higher, but the over measurements of the substrate were smaller than those of the enzyme. In the second test conducted, the medium concentration enzyme was tested under the temperatures; 4°C, 23°C, 37°C, and 60°C. The measurements in this test got higher as the temperature got higher, but did the measurements under 4°C were overall significantly higher than the other temperature measurements. Lastly, the last test conducted showed that the measurements of the substance with 0 and 1 drop of hydroxylamine inhibitor went up, but the measurements of the enzyme with 5 drops of hydroxylamine inhibitor stayed rather low and did not change much. In conclusion, these experiments showed that chemical reaction rates are sped up with higher concentrations of enzyme, substrate,

Five different temperatures of enzyme (spinach extract) (5°C, 20°C, 35°C, 45°C and 65°C) were added to individual measuring cylinders -each filled with 7ml of Hydrogen Peroxide (H202). The height of foam (oxygen + water) produced by the reaction was recorded for each temperature of the catalase after 30 seconds, to find at which degrees the enzyme activity had the fastest reaction rate. The data collected from this experiment suggested that the enzyme extract had the greatest efficiency at 20 °C, and the temperatures greater displayed a decline in rate of reaction.

All enzymes have an optimal temperature where activity is the most productive. If the temperature of the enzymes environment is too low or too high, the enzyme and the substrate will not interact in a desired way which results in decreased activity. High temperatures of enzymes lead to high energy bonds breaking, thus altering the active site and overall enzyme by denaturation. If an enzyme temperature is too low the lack of activity may be due to lack of energy for substrate to interact with enzyme. By this knowledge it is expected that a temperature-rate plot of an enzyme should result in a bell curve with the optimal temperature being the highest point.

The overall impact of this study helps understand how temperature affects enzyme activity, and it is apparent that changes in temperature do have an effect on the enzyme catalase. The results obtained in the experiment a give increased insight in the role of enzymes in the human body. The chicken liver is similar to the human liver, and it is clear that catalase works at an optimum temperature of 22°C. This is important because humans maintain a stable body temperature of 37 °C, and with the aid of enzymes this temperature provides enough activation energy for metabolic reactions, in this case the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen gas and liquid water. The difference in the two living organisms is 15 C. A possible weakness in this study

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in our system. They combine chemicals reactants to lower the activation energy of the reaction and compromise the structure of the bonds, making it easier to break. They help us stay alive by digesting food, providing cellular energy, stimulating the brain, and repairing tissues, organs, and cells.

Enzymes are substances, most of protein that at as biological catalysts. This means that Enzymes speed up chemical reaction by lowering activation energy by promoting the conversation of reactant in to products. Also enzymes are shape specific, because of the highly specific complementary fit between the three dimensional shape of the enzyme active site. Substrates are the reactant of a reaction that the enzyme able to catalyze the reaction. The react of reaction increased as the increase of amount of enzyme present. Moreover, the rate of reaction will initially increase as the increase of the amount of substrate.to function properly and efficiently, most enzyme