The Effect Of The Abdominal Drawing On Forward Steps

Chronic low back pain has been shown to have a significant impact on individuals, their families, professional life, and communities. It is one of the most common health problems causing suffering and disability, and it is a leading cause of physical inactivity. In addition to the physical impairments and professional detriments, chronic low back pain increases the financial burden to the healthcare system by augmenting medical treatment costs. Muscle strengthening activity, on the other side, has been used clinically to treat low back pain. However, there is an inconclusive data regarding the preventative effect of muscle strengthening activity on low back pain. Thus, we wanted to see if being engaged in muscle strengthening activity reduces

participation level impairments. The progress in AROM, muscle strength, dynamic balance, single leg power, and coordination all attributed to the patient’s ability to climb stairs without handrails reciprocally, ambulate on uneven terrain, jump, and run pain-free after five weeks of intervention.

The kinematic and kinetic parameters of knee varus angle, first peak knee adduction moment, sagittal plane knee excursion during mid-stance and extensor moment at first peak knee flexion were evaluated during ground level walking, as well as the spatiotemporal gait outcomes of walking speed, stride length, cadence, step length, the percentage of stance

There were several different interventions performed aimed at increasing range of motion, balance/proprioception, and to increase strength of the right lower extremity. Following the initial examination and evaluation a brief therapeutic exercise period ensued. The gastrocnemius and soleus were both stretched against a wall each for two sets of 60 seconds to help increase dorsiflexion range of motion (Radford, Burns, Buchbinder, Landford, Cook, 2006). Active range of motion for dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion and eversion was performed on a wobble board while seated for 20 repetitions in each directions to increase range of motion, but more importantly to improve proprioception (Bernier and Perrin, 1998). Plantar flexion strength was addressed by utilizing green thera-tubing around the forefoot with the patient holding the other end of the tube. This was performed for one set of 20 repetitions. Body weight squats using a railing for support were chosen as they are a closed kinetic chain exercise that challenges the gluteus muscle group as well as hamstrings while also causing dorsiflexion of the ankles (Gryzlo SM, Patek RM, Pink M, Perry J, 1994). Closed chain exercises were started initiated at the first visit as they cause an increase in joint compressive forces which can lead to increased stability, increased muscle activation, and decreased joint shearing forces (Harter, 1996). Supine bridges on a 55 cm theraball were performed for 20 repetitions to address the

The article “Muscular contributions to hip and knee extension during the single limb stance phase of normal gait: a Theoretical Framework for Crouch Gait” by Allison Arnold, Frank Anderson, Marcus Pandy, and Scott Delp investigates the biomechanics of normal gait in hopes to uncover ideas to help determine treatments for crouch gait. Crouch gait is a bothersome abnormality that affects the gait pattern of people who suffer from the condition of cerebral palsy. It’s characterized by excessive flexion of the hips and knees during standing and excessive use of metabolic energy to complete a single gait cycle. Currently, the treatments for this condition are limited and have unpredictable outcomes due to the unknown biomechanical causes of the excessive flexion in crouch gait. These treatments include surgical lengthening of hamstrings, ankle-foot orthoses, and intense stretching regimens, with patients experiencing results ranging from no improvement in their symptoms to dramatic improvements. The vast array of results from treatments are due to the little understanding medical professionals have of not only abnormal gait patterns (such as crouch gait) but of normal gait as well (Arnold, Anderson, Pandy, and Delp, 2005). Despite the article’s title relating to crouch gait, the purpose of the study conducted was to examine and quantify the accelerations of normal hip and knee movements that were induced by specific muscles during the single limb stance phase and to rank these

The articulated AFO used a spring that could be set to various conditions, S1, S2, S3, and S4. S1 was used as the control condition because it was considered the minimum resistive moment. The S1 condition did not consist of a spring on the AFO. All other conditions and results were compared to S1. Each subject went through four trials corresponding to the four spring conditions. To minimize changes in factors from one trial to the next, the treadmill was set to the same speed for every

“The Upper Extremity” article written by Irene Dowd is about how we commonly use our front space, but never seem to find what is in our backspace. As humans we tend to always go with our habitual habits instead of finding new things that could surprise us in the end. Our bodies can move in different ways, we’re just not use to. In this article, Irene discussed different exercises that she went through from childhood until to discover what helped for her and how she changed her lifestyle for the better.

A highly reliable measurement of ROM would yield consistent measurement results when successive measurements are taken on the same subject under the same conditions. When the goniometric or inclinometry measurement is valid, an examiner can confidently use the results of a highly reliable measurement to determine the mobility and flexibility of a joint or even diagnose a change in dysfunction due to the minimal measurement error. Only by obtaining a reliable and consistent measurement of elbow range of motion can the presence of joint ROM limitation be diagnosed, patients’ improvements toward rehabilitation be evaluated, and the usefulness of therapeutic interventions be assessed. Based on the subject’s performance in range of motion assessments, appropriate range of motion exercises could then be assigned to patients who have a limited elbow extension range. It is important for joint flexibility to be improved or maintained because motions such as elbow extension is essential for transfers, propped sitting, reaching for objects and

Many abnormal kinematic gait characteristics have been hypothesized to contribute to pain development. At the knee joint, altered tibiofemoral rotation and an increase in knee abduction during the stance phase of gait have been proposed to result in lateral patellar tracking (10). These kinematic differences could result from structural abnormalities (11), or altered kinematics at the hip or knee (12). Thus, onset of AKP in runners may not necessarily be causally related to strength deficits. Several factors have been suggested to explain the presence of AKP including decreased muscle strength and altered mechanical loading, lower limb kinematics, and muscle activation patterns during running

Using a sample of 17 SCI AIS D level patients, Benito et al. [12] applied 20 Hz high-frequency rTMS to an experimental group consisting of seven patients, and applied sham rTMS to the control group consisting of ten patients, for 15 days each and reported that the experimental group showed significant improvement in modified Ashworth scale (MAS), 10 m walking test (MWT), cadence, step length, and timed up and go test (TUG) compared to the control group.

Those that were able to complete 2 sets of 15reps with low effort had their resistance increased for progression. Participants in the motor learning group worked on skill or smooth and automatic movement control that included stepping and walking patterns. This was then progressed to a more difficult walking and stepping patterns to increase timing and coordination of stepping. “The stepping patterns were designed to shift the center of pressure posterolateral then forward, encouraging hip extension before stepping, loading the trailing limb, coordination activation of the abductors of the soon-to-be-swung leg with adductors of the stance limb, and shifting the center of pressure in medial stance to unload the stepping limb.”(Brach et al.) The walking patterns helped for muscle coordination and inter limb which were then increased by alternating speed, accuracy of performance, or amplitude. Other complex walking patterns were walking past others with object manipulation tasks of the upper extremity like carrying or bouncing a

A difference between left and right leg is observed in many individuals as defined one as dominant leg and another as non-dominant leg. Leg dominance is usually defined from a limb preference to perform a motor task depending on a nature of the specific tasks (manipulation or stabilization) such as kicking, highest jumping, stepping-up, or unipedal standing (Mcgrath et al 2016). A preferred kicking leg is famously used to classify leg dominance in various lower limb asymmetrical studies. In strength and performance studies, the literatures showed no significant differences between dominant and non-dominant leg in active adult population (Brown et al 2004, Daneshjoo et al 2012, Delextrat et al 2013, de Ruiter et al 2010). In addition to a postural control study showed no differences in sway area and sway path length between dominant and non-dominant leg during unipedal standing (Hoffman et al 1998). Although most studies showed no leg dominance effects

The group consisted of 117 female and 73 male students, with an average age of 20.22 years old. All students registered in Kinesiology 2276 were expected to complete a 10 minute online survey to receive a grade. Participants who were not registered in 2276 were not included in the study. No data was excluded from the results. The data was collected and compiled by graduate students and results were discussed during a lecture.

We will be investigating the role of gastrocnemius stretching and its effect on ankle kinematics during walking and running, as well as the difference between just stretching versus stretching combined with self-myofascial release (SMR) on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. According to our research and literature review, this project will be the first to explore the role of SMR on the gastrocnemius and its effect on ankle kinematics during walking and running. Previous studies have analyzed the effect of stretching the gastrocnemius muscle, but no other reported study combined the use of stretching and SMR on dorsiflexion range of motion and its effects on gait. We believe that the combination of gastrocnemius stretching and SMR will have a greater impact on ankle kinematics during walking and running by increasing the amount of dorsiflexion in those with tight gastrocnemius muscles compared to gastrocnemius stretching alone.

According to Pozzi et al., patients with CAI present with decreased balance deficits while performing the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT).3 The SEBT consists of eight lines placed on the floor that forms a circle with 45-degree arcs to resemble a star pattern.3 To perform this test, the patient is instructed to balance on the involved leg while the opposite leg reaches out in each direction.3 When the test was performed with individuals who had CAI, the excursions were shorter in distance when compared to the uninvolved leg.3 Additionally, there is an increased reliance on proximal joints, indicating decreased balance deficits.3 In any ankle rehabilitation program, static and dynamic balance exercises should be addressed.13 According to Cain et al., balance training should be used to decrease symptoms and reoccurrence of injury of CAI.13 For instance, static balance exercises performed on a Biomechanical Ankle Platform System (BAPS) has been proven to be beneficial in the rehabilitation of CAI, and has shown improvements with the SEBT for dynamic balance after four weeks.13 It is essential to begin a balance program by beginning with static balance exercises, progressing to dynamic exercises and concluding with sport specific activities.14 Balance rehabilitation programs that are performed on unstable surfaces have proven to increase ankle stability and neuromuscular control compared to stable surfaces.14 Utilizing unstable surfaces is an effective way to challenge