The Effect Of Using Polyethylene Glycol And Sodium Bentonite On Performance Of Sheep Fed

In the scientific method lab, I explored the different food options for mice in order to find the best one that will help them gain weight. To succeed in this lab, I needed to examine several types of foods including fruits, raw meat, cooked and uncooked foods. In this experiment I used cooked macaroni as a positive control and for the negative control I didn’t feed the mice any food, only water. The main objective of this study was to determine the best solution that will help me understand the metabolism of mice. All mice used in this study were given the same resources, but the only difference was the different types of foods fed to the mice to understand the changes of weight gain or loss between the mice.

When eating anything, most people check the labels to see what the food all consists of. Just like when eating hamburger, some people may want to know if the hamburger came from grass-fed or grain-fed cattle. Depending on the person, they might prefer one over the other. Some people may think that one tastes better than the other or they may just think it is healthier. Not only might the meat coming from the cattle be affected, but also the milk coming from a cow. Either way, further explanations for grass-fed vs. grain-fed cattle will be discussed in this paper.

To minimize the N.E.B the cow should be in the correct body condition before calving down, a score of 3.0 is appropriate. If the cow is too fat the she will not have the appetite to eat in early lactation which will affect the peak milk yield. It is key that the food intake is maximized post calving therefore the cow should have ad libitum access to forage at all time, the forage should also be of a high quality in early lactation, this is not as important when you move down the cycle. To overcome any limitations of forage concentrates like Molasses and Maize should also be used. A good concentrate mix for a dairy cow should contain starch sources of varying degradabilites, Molasses is rapidly degradable source while maize is a slowly degradable source of starch. There are two methods for feeding concentrates, in parlour and out of parlour. In parlour feeding systems the parlours are fitted with concentrate dispensing hoppers which dispense into the feed manger. A cow will receive 5kg per milking while a heifer will receive 4kg per milking. Out of parlour feeding is where feed is given out by transponders, in small amounts very often. Picture 1 shows an in parlour feeder system.

Statistical analysis for the animal studies. Our selection of 10 animals per time point is based on the group variance observed in our preliminary studies employing diet models. For example, an n = 10 provides 95% power (alpha of 0.05) to detect differences in ALT values of at least 30 U/L between two means with a standard deviation of 10 (two-tailed t-test). For endpoints such as ALT values, caspase positive cells, etc., in different animal populations, parametric analysis will be performed. ANOVA will be employed given the presence of multiple groups, and a Bonferroni test will be used to correct for multiple comparisons. If the distribution of values is unsuitable for a parametric analysis, we will perform a Kruskal-Wallis test for nonparametric data. If the data show a strong trend towards significance (e.g., p < 0.1) with reproducible data except for a rare outlier, we can consider increasing the number of animals per group. The number added will be calculated using the mean and standard deviation (SD) from the existing data

During this week, I Edgar Burgos had to conduct a food intake for 3 consecutive days. This paper will describe my nutritional endeavor for the past three days. I will provide different aspects of my nutritional needs and an in depth analysis on how proteins fats carbohydrates and fiber take part in my everyday diet and what are these functions. This is intended to broaden my views of a healthy lifestyle, and how to achieve it through a variety of food groups.

This paper is intended to explain my nutritional endeavor for the past three days. I will be providing different aspects of my nutritional needs and an in depth analysis on how proteins fats carbohydrates and fiber take part in an everyday diet and what are these functions. This is intended to broaden my views of a healthy lifestyle, and how to achieve it through a variety of food groups. In this essay the resources utilized where provided by the educational institute with the purpose of facilitating my research objectives.

Numerous studies attest that fat composition within in animal (specifically cattle) depend and vary on the diet of that animal (Daley et al. 2010). In the case of cattle, grass-fed and grain (concentrate)-fed are amongst the two largest diets used, and this difference in diets is also correlated with a difference in fat composition (Daley et al. 2010). In general, grain-fed cattle have a higher body fat percentage make up, increasing from 9.76g/100g of muscle in grass-fed crossbred steers to 13.03g/100g of muscle in grain-fed steers (Daley et al. 2010). This is a 34% increase due to a diet change, which is a considerable increase since animal fats are connected to health risks; providing the argument that grass-fed cattle are healthier (Daley et al. 2010).

Digestion is the result of competition between the rates of digestion and passage. As passage rate increases, the digesta flowing from the rumen will contain greater amounts of undigested feed particles, resulting in a lower DMD (Varga and Kolver, 1997). Mwenya et al. (2003) in comparing indigenous fat-tailed and Dorper sheep found that Dorper sheep had significantly (P<0.05) in Dorper than in Merino sheep and this occurred when fed the lower quality, wheaten chaff diet. Therefore glucose synthesis may potentially be higher in Dorper compared to Merino sheep. This is an important finding and this may have contributed to the superior production responses reported by several researchers including Scanlon et al. (2013) of Dorper compared to Merino sheep, especially when fed on low quality, roughage

Hess, T. Hubbell, D. Hufstedler, G. D. Fieser, and B. Caldwel set out on their research to analyze the additive effects of growth promoting technologies on performance of grazing steers and economics of the wheat pasture enterprise. The objective of this research was designed to evaluate the effect of monensin (Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) supplementation via mineral or pressed protein block with or without a growth promoting implant on the performance of steers grazing wheat pasture. Through this study they were able to look at the effects of these two mineral supplements, with or without steroid implants, on ADG. To do this, they set up three treatment groups: one on a non medicated mineral, which was the control (CNTRL); another on a medicated mineral of 1.78 g monensin/kg, which was group RMIN; and the third group on a protein packed mineral with 0.33 g monensin/kg, which was group RBLCK. Each of these groups were divided in half and implants were put in one-half. There was a total of 360 animals used in the experiment over the course of two years, 120 each spring, and 60 each fall. These were then split equally into the three groups, CNTRL, RMIN, and RBLCK. These groups were each split again with implants put in half of the animals in each group. These groups were then left on pasture for the duration of the test with free access to the mineral supplement of their group. Weights were collected before and after the designated time spent on pasture. From this, they could calculate the ADG of the different groups. They then compared the difference in ADG between CNTRL, RMIN, and RBLCK as seen in table

|findings that would be | |half of their diet in carbohydrates, proteins, fats,|vitamins A and C , meats 5 oz., fruits and vegetables |

Research your topic using 2 nutrition articles that discuss your topic, but provide opposing viewpoints. Use the Internet, the University Library, or the search links provided in the Week 2 Electronic Reserve Readings to locate the articles.

This paper was prepared for HPE Nutrition 225 (Mindless Eating Book Report) taught by Mr. Ray Poteet

The food that we consume is well assimilated in our body and is used for the growth and maintenance of body tissues. Life cannot exist without food, and it is for this reason that every living organism strives to obtain its food requirements. It has been seen that the satisfaction of hunger is usually the main factor for a satisfactory food intake. It is very important that for sustaining a healthy and normal life, diets should be planned with the scientific knowledge of nutrition. It is very essential to learn the general principles and considerations that govern the planning of balanced diets.

We are required to obtain certain amount of nutrients from food. Food can simply divide into 2 groups, macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients composition. Both of the groups mentioned do affect the metabolism rate. According to Hulbert and Else, dietary fatty acid will affect the metabolism rate and some of the polyunsaturated fatty acid will increase the metabolism rate (1999). Meanwhile, different kinds of animals have their own unique requirement for macro-nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates and fat. Moreover, most of the food intake is driven by achieving the required protein intake. Animals on a low protein diet will over eat carbohydrates and fat until the protein requirement has been satisfied. If this case

Despite the species or facet of the industry an operation is built to cater too, one of the easiest ways to improve the efficiency of livestock is through feed and nutrient management. Feed efficiency for livestock only becomes more important as farmers are responsible for feeding a growing population. However, in order to do that is important that a manager or owner understands the digestive system of that species and factors that can aid in this system ability to absorb the maximum amount of nutrients. This paper will be focused around different aspects of the ruminant digestive tract, and more specifically two of the smaller ruminant species being sheep and goats. I will explain in detail the 6 essential nutrients and why they are crucial to have in a feed ration, what occurs in each compartment of the stomach, including breakdown of feed, nutrient absorption, and also parasites that can become an issue in