The Effect Of Vitamin K And Fresh Frozen Plasma ( Ffp )

Other outcomes were myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, systemic thrombosis, venous thrombosis in other areas of the body besides the legs, and even death. The patients underwent assessment either in the clinic or by telephone at days 30, 90, 180, 270, and 360. This study was consistent with other studies in the fact that the use of rivaroxaban reduced the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism by about 70%. Rivaroxaban was found to be more effective than aspirin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism and was associated with a smaller risk of bleeding. The primary outcome occurred in 17 out of the 1,107 individuals who received 20 mg of rivaroxaban and in 13 out of the 1,127 individuals who received 10 mg of rivaroxaban. This was compared to 50 out of the 1,131 individuals who received aspirin once a day. Rates of bleeding were 0.5% in individuals who received 20 mg of rivaroxaban, 0.4% in individuals who received 10 mg of rivaroxaban, and 0.3% in individuals who received aspirin. For patients with venous thromboembolism who continued anticoagulation the risk of a repetitive event was lower with rivaroxaban at both 20 mg and 10 mg of treatment doses rather than with

While PCI is the optimum method to fibrinolytic therapy the outcome can be different based on other factors such as

Lastly, in case of an emergency hemorrhagic episode science has advance to the point to decrease blood transfusions to the minimum with help of medications like:

These TPAs are agents used to start hemostasis by converting plasminogen into plasmin, allowing fibrinolysis to occur (Alteplase). Hemostasis starts and it includes three processes combined that work together prevent or control blood loss (Alteplase). These three stages are vascular constriction, formation of the platelet plug and blood coagulation (Grossman, p.g.674). This means that Ronald is not a candidate for this medication since he is experiencing signs and symptoms of hemorrhagic stroke and this drug can make the bleed worsen due to clot dissolving mechanism. It is contraindicated to give a TPA to a patient experiencing an intracranial hemorrhage or active bleeding (Alteplase). Although he may not be able to have a TPA, he would be able to have medications that will try to help decrease his blood pressure and brain

For decades, Warfarin has remained the anticoagulant of choice for the prevention of cardiac thromboembolic disease in atrial fibrillation patients and in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. VKAs are clinically effective as an antithrombotic agent in Atrial Fibrillation, as dose adjusted warfarin has been proven to cut the risk of stroke by 64% (95% CI, 49%-74%) and all-cause death rate by 26% (95% CI, 3%-43%) [2]. In order to attain optimal anticoagulation effect of warfarin, frequent plasma level monitoring of International Normalized Ratio (INR) is required to maintain it in therapeutic range (INR 2-3) but maintaining the INR in therapeutic range is challenging and for many patients is achieved only approximately 55% of the time [3]. Thus, this finding counteracts the potential benefits of warfarin and increases its risks. A combination of factors like an inconvenience for patients and clinicians to use warfarin, large variability in plasma level of the drug affected by ethnicity and genetic polymorphism [4,5], interactions with various foods and drugs and the potential for serious hemorrhage e.g. Intracranial bleeding, have limited the widespread use of warfarin as an effective anticoagulant in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) [6]. Keeping in mind these facts about

Sealed packs containing 2 units PRBC, 2 units FFP. Every third pack supplied (i.e. containing units 5 & ^ also contains one aphoresis (6 unit) pack of platelets”

Minor complications: blood loss requires transfusion, hypotension requiring IVF, deep venous thrombosis, pulse loss requiring heparin, transient heart block, dysrhythmias requiring treatment, metabolic acidosis requiring bicarbonate administration, and balloon

With an aging population, higher use of anticoagulants and the development of novel drugs, a new degree of coagulopathy has been introduced previously unseen in resuscitation1. Historically, initial resuscitation centered on the use of

In LP’s case, what brought her to the clinic was an uncontrollable itch that she believed was an allergy for which her primary care provider (PCP) requested to have a complete blood count (CBC) done which measures various components of a person’s blood such their white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets (Mayoclinic, 2017). The results showed an increase in all components. If the PCP is suspicious of PV, they can refer the patient for a follow-up blood test to check for the JAK2 gene mutation (AACC, 2017). The patient can also be referred to a hematologist to have a bone marrow aspiration or biopsy done in which a special wide needle is used to remove a sample of hip bone along with the bone marrow and then sent to the laboratory for further testing (NCI, n.d). Results are sent back to the PCP, and if the patient meets the diagnostic criteria for PV, the results from the biopsy can be used to determine the baseline of how the disease is going and give ability to further monitor progression. Bone marrow biopsy is also used for genetic testing of the JAK2 mutation (Mayoclinic, 2017). When the body is forming and breaking down clots, proteins called D-dimers are released which can be detected with a blood test. The healthcare provider can order this specific test if the patient is experiencing symptoms of DVT or PE. If the patient is presented with a high probability of PE based on clinical assessment or a positive D-dimer test, a spiral computed tomography (spiral CT) can be ordered. Spiral CT uses a combination of x-rays and computer with intravenous dye to take detailed pictures of the patient’s blood vessels and any abnormalities such as blood clots (Thompson & Kabrhel,

In athletes with AF, when antithrombotic therapy, other than aspirin, is indicated, it is reasonable to consider the bleeding risk in the context of the specific sport before clearance.

There some complications can come with V.A.C, bleeding is the most serious complication could have occurred with V.A.C

Observations should be undertaken and documented for every unit transfused. Good record keeping is an integral part of nursing practice and is essential to the provision of safe and effective care. The nurse should ensure that the patient is in a setting where they can be directly observed and where staff are trained in the administration of blood components and the management of transfused patients, including emergency treatment of anaphylaxis, she/he should advise and encourage the patient to notify her/him immediately if they begin to feel anxious, or if they feel any adverse reactions such as shivering, flushing, pain or shortness of breath, (Hebert, Wells, Blajchman, Marshall, Martin& Pagliarello, 2012

NSAIDs can lead to an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular thrombotic events, including MI and stroke. Platelet adhesion and aggregation may be decreased with Naproxen, prolonging bleeding time. Hematologic side effects induced by Naproxen include platelet dysfunction resulting in increased bleeding times, decreased hematocrit, eosinophilia, granulocytopenia, neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and agranulocytosis. Due to hematologic side effects, a complete blood count and coagulants must be monitored closely (Lexi-Comp,

4. A 23 y/o female presents with a chief complaint of breakthrough bleeding on her current OCP. She states she does not miss pills. Current meds: Trinessa, Acyclovir 400mg bid, and a multivitamin.

In a clinical trial, over a 12-month period, 209 of the 2185 participants (9.6%) discontinued LoSeasonique, nonetheless partially, due to bleeding and/or spotting. This break-through bleeding remained constant over time, with averag 2-3 days of bleeding and/or spotting per every 91-day cycle. The break-through bleeding sooner or later deminished during consecutive 91-day