The Effect of Catalyst an the Rate Of Reaction Essay

Used to see if the temperature of the water is at 37oc – 40oc and if

The rate of reaction will be measured by timing how long it takes for the spheres of yeast to sink and float up to the top again.

Please Note: This lab involves a lot of waiting for the gas collection. Make sure you allot yourself the full three hours to perform the experiments.

This is a simple equation that doesn’t properly prove the reaction. It is very complex and starts with this:

Hypothesis: If the temperature (I.V.) of materials in the reaction are increased, the reaction time (D.V.) will decrease.

PURPOSE: Measure the effects of changes in catalase concentration, substrate concentration, and salinity on the reaction rates of an enzyme.

In this experiment we tested the effects that enzymes and substrate have on chemical reaction rates, which is the rate at which chemical reactions occur.. This experiment tested how different concentrations of enzyme and substrate affected the light absorption measurements on a spectrophotometer. The experiment also tested how temperature affected the light absorption, and in a separate test, the effect of the enzyme inhibitor hydroxylamine was also tested. In the first test conducted, 3 different concentrations of enzyme, and three different concentrations of substrate were measured in a spectrophotometer. For the enzyme and the substrate, the measurements got higher as the concentrations were higher, but the over measurements of the substrate were smaller than those of the enzyme. In the second test conducted, the medium concentration enzyme was tested under the temperatures; 4°C, 23°C, 37°C, and 60°C. The measurements in this test got higher as the temperature got higher, but did the measurements under 4°C were overall significantly higher than the other temperature measurements. Lastly, the last test conducted showed that the measurements of the substance with 0 and 1 drop of hydroxylamine inhibitor went up, but the measurements of the enzyme with 5 drops of hydroxylamine inhibitor stayed rather low and did not change much. In conclusion, these experiments showed that chemical reaction rates are sped up with higher concentrations of enzyme, substrate,

Hypothesis: If the concentration of a substrate increases, any time an enzyme happens upon a substrate it will be free to help that substrate react, but then when an enzyme encounters a new substrate at a slightly higher concentration it will already be working on another substrate, therefore, as we increase substrate concentration it is not going to increase as fast as the reaction rate.

There were many possibly sources of error in the lab that could have been due to incorrect measurement from systemic or random error. Throughout the entirety of the lab, there were many steps that presented possible sources of error such as adding too much or too little of a compound to the copper solution, or the loss of copper during transport or by being left on the stirring rod. Another situation which was a source of error was during step 5 when the copper solution and water was heated so that the contents of the beaker would boil. The error in this step was caused by the variable heating of the solution to prevent bubbling of the solution. The length of heating was another source of error because the mixture may have needed to be heated less or more than the 5 minutes stated in the direction to get to complete the step. During step 5, stirring of the mixture was required, so another source of error was that copper from the beaker may have been left on the stirring rod. During the next step, error may have occurred if there was copper precipitate left on the side of the beaker instead of washed with

Marble, or calcium carbonate, is a fairly insoluble compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. This compound has a carbonate ion, which has a charge of -2 and a calcium ion, which has a charge of +2. Calcium carbonate has a few forms including chalk and limestone. The main use of these two materials is in the making of concrete, which is used for many things including buildings. The rate of the reaction is the speed that the reaction takes place; therefore, by measuring the rate, the amount of time the reaction takes will be measured. Hydrochloric acid is a stronger acid that is found in digestive juices in the human stomach and is also used for cleaning metals before they are coated. When you mix a strong acid like HCl with any carbonate you will have a chemical reaction in which CO2 gas is released. This means that it will fizz indicating a chemical reaction. These two elements can react with hydrochloric acid to yield carbon dioxide, calcium chloride and water. The chemical reaction equation for hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate is:

The copper sulfate crystals could have been different sizes, even though we tried to keep them relatively the same size during the experiment. Another thing that could have gone wrong with the experiment is that there was inconsistent stirring during the trials with different temperature water, which could have affected the duration of the luminols light. The biggest concern that happened with the experiment was that the lights duration is guessed by the scientists doing the experiment, there is no way to know that the solution is done glowing scientifically.

was too fast to measure and so for my scale to reach above that, I

To keep this a fair test I have made sure that the acid used is the

Kinetics of chemical reactions is how fast a reaction occurs and determining how the presence of reactants affects reaction rates. In this experiment the rate of reaction for Fe+3 and I- is determined. Because the rate of chemical reactions relates directly to concentration of reactants, the rate law is used to find the rate constant, and calculated with specified temperatures.

Vent-pipes in cars contain small amount of Platinum-rhodium alloy that transforms toxic emission such as Carbon Monoxide and Nitrogen Dioxide to harmless gas such as Carbon Dioxide. During that process, Catalyst plays an important role in accelerating the gas transformation, in which lowers the activation energy. As an important element in the chemical reaction, catalysts are required in different types of chemical reactions to increase the speed for reaction. During the process of speeding up reaction, the property of catalyst itself will not change as the reaction takes place. But there are other factors could affect the catalytic process, such as temperature, density, or pressure. Besides these factors, is there any other factor that could affect the efficiency of catalytic process? That triggers my interest of investigation. During agricultural use of catalyst, farmers try to change the pH value of fertilizer to control the amount of time seeds need to germinate . Does pH value of solution affect the catalytic efficiency? That becomes next step of investigation. In order to change the pH values of solution but keep the property of solution itself constant. I need to add acid or alkali solution that will not affect with either reactant or product. The acidity of solution is determined by the number of H+ and the alkalinity of solution is determined by the number of (OH)- in the solution. I will find out reactants that do not react with one type of acid and one type of