The Effect of Eu Integration on the Business Environment of Member Countries

Anniversary of the European Community,” written by Walter A. McDougall (2007), outlines the evolution of the European Union (EU) through a two-part analysis. The first part, entitled “The Other Age Born in the Year 1957,” extols several impactful historical events in economics, the role of religion; and, the strengths and weaknesses that led to the formation of the EU. The second part, “The European Union in a Wider World” provides a closer look at Europe through the political lens focusing on events in the recent past and present. This part highlights the impacts from the events of World Trade Center on 9/11, the questionable decisions made after

European Union was formed with many expectations. Despite closeness and similarities, the various nations of the European continent fought bitter wars for thousands of years within themselves. After the devastating World War II, finally everyone saw the light and decided to give a chance to peaceful coexistence. However, EU’s path hasn’t been smooth. Many critical economic as well as political problems have emerged throughout the last decade, raising questions about its credibility.

The EU has delivered more than half a century of peace, stability and prosperity, helped raise living standards and launched a single European currency: the Euro. The core values of the EU are Human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights. Furthermore, The EU takes on the many responsibilities that include, human rights, policy areas, from climate, environment and health to external relations and security, justice and migration. The EU is an organization of countries that follow a cooperative political economic system. According to The Global Organization Series: The European Union, these individual countries voluntarily give up some power over their own territories to cooperate with other countries in order to make decisions together (11). This concept creates a free trade zone for the European Union’s political and economic community.

David Cameron, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in a speech wisely said that “with courage and conviction I believe we can deliver a more flexible, adaptable and open European Union in which the interests and ambitions of all its members can be met”. The courageous creation of cross-national organizations supersede the public opinions and negative comments regarding the union. Collective combination of states sovereignties into a new entity is what revitalized the European economy after the war. Understanding the past visionaries chimerical view of integration, political ties and peace are the forefront to grasp the breadth of the European integration project. The impetus for change is evident in the amount of states that joined the

The European Union was formally created in 1993, but its roots reflect back all the way to the end of World War II. Its first priority was to form an economic union that consisted of members dependent on each other for trading purposes to avoid potential conflict. Now this political and economic union has developed into a representative democracy aimed to govern its current members (“The EU in brief” n. pag.).

Twenty eight countries form the European Union (7.3% of the world 's population). It has 24 official languages, a flag, an anthem, a special day, a currency - the Euro, a common market, institutions, and diversity. The population of the EU was approximately 507 million in 2014. The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the EU last year. I am going to examine the main reasons for the creation of the EU and the advantages, disadvantages of membership.

The European Union (EU), which began through the integration of six member states in 1951, welcomed its latest member, Croatia, in 2013, effectively bringing its total to twenty-eight members (Verdun, July 23, 2015). The first EU enlargement occurred in 1973, when the UK, Ireland, and Denmark joined the union. Since then, four major enlargements have taken place, despite the long-existent controversies regarding the possible value or downfalls of the expansion of the union. With over twenty more countries within the continent as possible candidates, especially as many express interest of joining, it is highly possible that efforts for further enlargement may be made in the future. The question, however, is whether EU

The European Union was formed with many expectations. Despite closeness and similarities, the various nations of the European continent fought bitter wars for thousands of years within themselves. After the devastating World War II, finally everyone saw the light and decided to give a chance to a peaceful coexistence. However, the EU’s path has not been smooth. Many critical economic as well as political problems have emerged throughout the last decade, raising questions about its credibility.

The European Union (EU) is the most successful supranational organization in the world to promote and spread democracy. Without the values and result-based monitoring systems structured through this organization, Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), and ultimately the entire world would be a significantly different place. The EU’s uniqueness and undeniable success stems from its strategic use of integration as key to enlargement and the effective ‘Europeanization’ of countries. Though there are dissenters who would argue the European Union’s lack of effectiveness in the enlargement process since 1989, there is value in noting that enlargement is an on-going phenomenon and not an entity with an expiry date.

Introduction: Since the enlightenment, Europeans have called for a stable and united Europe. Even though there have been many setbacks to a united Europe, including WWI, WWII, and the Cold War, the realization of a united Europe became a reality with the signing of the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 creating the European Union (EU). Furthermore, the progression towards a fully united Europe took another step with the introduction of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (EMU), which introduced a common currency, the euro (Bordo). Both of these institutions have had an immensely positive impact on Europe, both socially and economically. Today, the European Union is considered the world’s largest economy, or second largest,

The allocation of the European Union in agreement of all-embracing or built-in law has been abundant debated, generally in the ablaze of the amount of affiliation that is perceived, desired, or expected. Historically, at least, the EU is an all-embracing organisation, and by some criteria, it could be classified as a confederation; but it as well has abounding attributes of a federation, so some would allocate it as a alliance of states.For this reason, the organisation has, in the past, been termed sui generis, admitting it is as well argued that this appellation is no best true. Any application of the acknowledged attributes of the EU have to alpha by searching at its characteristic features. Although the EU’s acknowledged attributes was set out in two precedent-setting judgments of the Court of Justice in 1963 and 1964 relating to the again European Economic Community, the judgments are still valid for the European Union in its accepted form.

Historically, attempts at unifying Europe can be traced back as far as 1464 when, after the fall of Constantinople, King George of Podrebady suggested that a “league of Christian Nations” should be formed (Wen, 2013). However, it was only after 1945 that the process for European integration, a process “whereby sovereign states partially relinquish, or pool, national sovereignty to maximize their relative power and interest” began (Kenealy et al., 2015). The theorization European integration started within the political subfield of International Relations (Pollack, 2001). However, the European Union is a complex and unique international organization. Are International Relations (IR) theories able to account for the origin, development and future of European integration?

The European Union (EU) is an intergovernmental organization of states that includes 28 countries that are spread over Western Europe and more recently includes some Eastern European countries as well. Shortly after World War II various countries and governments in Europe started to grow closer together to help strengthen themselves economically as well as make it much less likely that another world war would be much less likely to happen. Over time, these Western European countries grew closer together and the European Union was born. The member countries of the European Union are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. In the future the European Union will have to make some hard decisions on whether or not to join closer together militarily and also on how to react to emerging threats such as those posed by an antagonistic Russia which is becoming more powerful in the region. There is also much speculation on which, if any countries will join in the future or if the European Union will even be relevant in the future. With so many economies tied together it certainly makes a union on such a massive scale seem ripe for failure. In order to reduce the chance of war and increase the economic strength of European countries, the

Enlargement of the European Union (EU) is a contentious issue for the public and scholars alike due to its novelty, even garnering the phrase sui generis. There are many legitimate reasons for opposing enlargement, including: loss of sovereignty and autonomy, diverting efforts and resources from deepening integration between member states, and the stress being put on the institutions and economies of member states by countries with unfair trade, rampant corruption, and territorial and ethnic disputes. Regardless of the validity of these criticisms, in terms of effectiveness, enlargement proves the most powerful foreign policy tool of the European Union. I will contend this by focusing on the different foreign policy tools available to states and multi-state coalitions like the EU: diplomacy, foreign aid, and military force. Through this examination of available foreign policy tools, I will contend that enlargement combines these tools resulting in a finished product that is greater than the sum of its parts.

“From time to time it is worth reminding ourselves why twenty-seven European nation states have come together voluntarily to form the partnership that is the European Union.” 1