The Effect of Globalization on Gendered Violence Against Women

Domestic violence (DV) has and continues to affect millions of, women, men, children and the elderly every day. National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, defines Domestic violence as, “hurtful, repeated and intentional behavior that one person uses to maintain power and control over another in an intimate relationship.” (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, n.d.) Abuse impacts many individuals from various backgrounds. Abuse comes in many forms, verbal, emotional, physical, sexual and, covers a wide range of tactics to establish and maintain power and control. A predominant form of DV is Intimate Partner Violence is also known as (IPV,) which affects millions of people every year, primarily women

When looking into Prostitution women are usually thought to be the lowest form a part of the human species, people make assumptions as to why a women would even bother with the idea of subjecting herself to harsh treatment by others, people often correlate the idea of prostitution with human trafficking. That each of these categories are of association, prostitution is “the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment.” While human trafficking is “the illegal movement of people, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.” Each of these subjects demonstrates different meanings but express the same sense of ideas, which will be looked into too.

Domestic violence, alternatively referred to as Intimate Partner Violence, is defined by the Department of Justice as “a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner.” While domestic violence is commonly thought of as only physical or sexual abuse, domestic violence can also be emotional, economic, or psychological. Domestic violence has remained constant in society throughout history, even though over time society’s response to the issue has changed. While domestic violence affects everyone regardless of race, gender, age, etc. it is estimated that approximately 90% of all victims are women. For the purpose of this paper, I will be focusing on

From the beginning of the book, Half the Sky, the stories of Srey Rath, the vibrant girl from Cambodia, and Meena Hasina, the courageous mother from India, and other stories like theirs have helped many people understand the tragedies taking place all over the world. Their stories have inspired the authors and many who have read their stories to dive deeper into thought about worldwide issues plaguing many countries, including the United States. The global issues surrounding women’s health in the beginning of this book include the topics of: the three types of abuses, the inaccuracy of the term “sex trafficking”, and the initiatives to stop slavery.

Domestic violence exists everywhere and affects all people regardless of socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, sex, ethnicity, or religion. Most times physical violence is accompanied by emotional abuse and controlling behaviors. The result of domestic violence includes physical injury, psychological issues, and death. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) occurs in 1 of 4 women in the United States and can be correlated with a loss of emotional, social, physical and mental health. Intimate Partner Violence is an issue that does not receive a lot of recognition and is overlooked majority of the time. There is a lot of information on women in intimate partner violence relationships that explains how it affects women physically, mentally, and socially.

Intimate partner violence is a dangerous and frightening issue threatening women worldwide. Intimate partner violence, also known as domestic violence, describes a cycle of abuse that involves either actual or threatened physical, sexual, psychological or emotional violence performed on someone by a spouse, boyfriend or girlfriend, or significant other (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Although it is not often discussed, intimate partner abuse is an incredibly common public health problem. In fact, it is one of the most common forms of violence facing women of all ages, ethnicities, and socioeconomic backgrounds, in which more than four million women in the United States experience abuse from a partner each year (Office on Women’s

“Domestic violence is a type of abuse by one or both partners in marriage, friends, family, dating or cohabitation” (Aziz & Mahmoud, 2010). There are many forms of abuse from verbal and emotional to physical that often escalates over time in intensity for the victim. Data from the criminal justice system, hospital patient medical records and mental health records, police reports, surveys and social services reports of thousands of women revealed that many are injured and killed as a result of violence from someone close to them. “The US Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) defines domestic violence as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner regardless of race, age, sexual orientation, religion, or gender” (Robertson & Murachver, 2009). Researchers and the criminal justice system have not been able to agree on a clear definition to domestic violence which can range from physical injury, stalking, verbal abuse and humiliation, denial of shelter and access to money, and intimidation through aggressive behaviors. The definition of domestic violence may vary but the results from physical injury, mental and emotional trauma, and sometimes even death can last a life time.

“Intimate partner violence” (IPV) not only includes spousal abuse (as does “domestic violence”), but also extends to unmarried, cohabiting, and same-sex couples. Moreover, IPV, is also not restricted to physical abuse; threats of physical abuse, or sexual abuse, and emotional abuse are all considered different forms of intimate partner violence. Intimate partner violence is a major public health concern in the United States that often results in terrible consequences for victims, families, and communities at large. According to the CDC, “[i]n an average minute, about 24 people are victims of rape, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner”. Furthermore, The Federal Bureau of Investigation estimates that intimate partners

Domestic Violence (DV) is a critical social issue that negatively impacts not only our own culture in America but as well as all other cultures around the world. Domestic Violence is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio-economic, cultural, racial and class distinctions (Kaur & Garg 2008). Domestic Violence is a serious problem that can be seen around every society from families of both developed and underdeveloped countries and of different backgrounds. Although there are various cases of domestic violence against men, children and the elderly; women account for the majority percentage of victims of Domestic Violence. This violence can take the form of physical assault, psychological abuse, financial abuse or sexual assault (Kaur & Garg 2008). Domestic Violence is a trend that is on the rise and will continue to plague our society if nothing is done on time to address this social issue.

Domestic violence is any incident or repeated incidents of coercive, threatening, or controlling abuse, behavior, or violence between intimate or former partners and family members, which can involve emotional, financial, physical, psychological, and sexual abuse (Domestic Violence, 2014). Women are at a higher risk of experiencing violence at home than they are in the street, Most women who die due to homicide are more likely to be killed by their partner or ex-partner and domestic violence is a major cause of death during pregnancy (Lee, 2013, p. 1350). Even in circumstances where the abuse does not become lethal, domestic violence survivors sustain serious injuries physically, neurologically, psychologically, emotionally, and

Statistically, women experience the negative impacts of intimate partner violence at a greater rate than men, with as many as 23% of women worldwide experiencing measured negative impact in comparison to 6.9% of men (García-Moreno et al., 2013). According to the World Health Organization, women who have experienced intimate partner violence are almost twice as likely to experience symptoms of depression as women who have not had this negative experience (García-Moreno et al., 2013). Intimate partner violence also contributes to PTSD, with 20% of women in the United States experiencing one or more symptoms of PTSD as a result of experiences with intimate partner violence (Breiding, 2011). Additionally, in the United States, 42% of women who experienced intimate partner violence sustained a physical injury (Breiding, 2011). The impacts listed, both mental and physical, are not relegated only to the victims, but also to society, as the health system and the criminal justice system are taxed with trying to provide appropriate and necessary services to victims, survivors, perpetrators, and children

According to statistics found by the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, Every nine seconds a woman is abused by her husband or intimate partner. At least 1 in every 4 women and 1 in every 9 men have been beaten, coerced into sex or otherwise abused in their lifetime. Most often the abuser is one of their own family. Domestic violence is a problem that somehow affects every one of us in this room at some time and is actually the leading cause of injury to women -- more than car accidents, muggings and rapes combined.

Historically, women have been considered the lesser gender, inferior to men in all ways, but recent victories, such as the passage of nationality laws in Africa and the Middle East and the march for women and peace in the democratic republic of Congo have blinded the world to the violence still occurring. Every culture views women through a different colored lens, and some of those colors are degrading and sometimes dangerous. This has led to the unequal and cruel treatment of women. The evidence of the acts of violence against women is undeniable. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than one hundred million women have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM); and more than

Sex slavery is found all over the world and is in high demand due to availability and low costs. One common sex trade area is “Southeast Asia, [it] is one of the world’s largest exporters of sex slavery and a sex hot spot” (Aguilar-Millan, S., Foltz, J., Jackson, J., Oberg, A., 2008). Activists have tried to end sex slavery but lack support and funding. Once slaves are no longer in use/useful to the traffickers they are freed. Upon being freed majority of individuals are emotionally and physically damaged. The large spread of sex trade is causing an increased amount of victims and sexually transmitted diseases within both developed and developing countries. Sex slavery continues to exist in both developed and developing countries. In developed countries the victims were “vulnerable women from Thailand or the Ukraine promised jobs as nannies or models in Western cities, only to find themselves pressed into service as prostitutes to pay off travel debts and line the pockets of their traffickers”(Platt, 2001). While in developing countries individuals may work in sex slavery as a prostitute, in order to make money, regardless of how little the amount. “Most of the suspects involved in trafficking are nationals of the country where the process of trafficking occurs”, this is more prominent in developing countries (Muco, 2013). Individuals are more likely to be trafficked from underdeveloped countries into developed ones. “In the language of

Issues within your own society go far beyond what you may be exposed to. This is important to understand when attempting to educate societies and help the young girls and women within them. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) aim to do just that. These organizations tackle a great deal of issues including, but not limited to, gender-based violence, sex-trafficking, forced or inter-generational prostitution, girls’ education, maternal health, and genital cutting.