preview

The Effects Of Air Quality Regulations On Human Health

Better Essays

Introduction
Dust storms in Arizona are a dramatic example of how changes in land use, combined with climatological factors, can have a negative influence on human health. For decades, the state has experienced dust storms that have led to serious traffic accidents on Arizona’s highways (Brazel and Hsu 1981). The dust storm related accidents represented a disproportionate amount of fatalities (Hyers and Marcus 1981). However, dust can have negative effects on human health in a less dramatic fashion. Small particles (≤ 10 micrometers) can lodge inside human lungs and cause respiratory problems and heart attacks. The particles can also alter environmental properties such as the nutrient concentration in water bodies and soils (U.S. …show more content…

2014). Dietz et al. (2003) presented a framework that identified the principles and requirements of adaptive governance. Adaptive governance requires information, conflict resolution, rule compliance, infrastructure, and adaptation and change. Those requirements are met by a governance arrangements that follow a set of principles that are based on Ostrom’s (1990) design principles: “devise rule that are congruent with ecological conditions, clearly define boundaries of resources and user groups, devise accountability mechanisms for monitoring, apply graduated sanctions for violations, establish/use low-cost mechanisms for conflict resolution, involve interested parties in informed discussion of rules, allocate authority to allow for adaptive governance at multiple levels, and employ mixtures of institutional types” (Dietz et al. 2003).
Although the number of articles about adaptive governance has increased significantly over the past decade (Chaffin et al. 2014), the literature on adaptive governance related to air quality appears sparse. Tucker (2012) identifies the revision of air quality standards based on new information as an example of adaptive governance principles. Most of the

Get Access