Alcohol lowers blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin production. This is detected by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets and the secretion of insulin is induced. Each hormone has a very specific protein that it will bind to. These are called hormone receptors and once they are bound to the hormone they stimulate a particular response in the cell. Hormones circulate the bloodstream until they find a cell that has the ideal receptor attached to it. Once insulin is secreted into the bloodstream, the hormone stimulates cells, especially muscle and adipose cells, to take up glucose from the blood. The transport of glucose into cells is done by facilitated diffusion. Glucose cannot get across a membrane unless specific transporters are in the membrane to provide a channel for the glucose to move through. Since it is facilitated diffusion, glucose will be transported from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (i.e., down the gradient). The transporters of glucose is called GLUT (GLUcose Transporter), the main transporter is GLUT4. As insulin travels through the bloodstream, it finds its specific receptors on the surface of liver cells, muscle cells and adipose cells. When the insulin binds to the insulin receptor on the cell membranes, cells are stimulated to increase the number of glucose transporters. This is an effect allowing the hormone on the outside of the cell to regulate functions inside the cell even though the hormone has not entered the
The personal issue, selected, focuses on alcohol addiction. Alcohol is a flammable liquid which often intoxicates drinks (WebMD, 2016). Examples of the drinks include beer, wine, and other beverages. Component parts of this interest includes what factors that influence or encourage alcohol usage and addiction?, What methods are utilized to decrease one’s alcohol usage?, and what are the effects of alcohol on the human body? I became curious about this question because I have family members and relatives who suffer from alcohol addiction. Moreover, alcohol addiction is common around the world. I’m interested in gathering research that can be utilized
The receptors in the cells are covered in the insulin, that allows sugar in the blood to enter the cell for energy production. Diabetes mellitus prevents the cells from using the insulin; therefore, the sugar remains in the bloodstream. the insulin will move into through our cells when pancreas released more insulin that have been transformed from the food that we ate into glucose (sugar).
The hypothalamus will send a signal to the pancreas to release glucagon, the hormone responsible for increasing glucose, to the blood. After glucagon enters the blood it will go to the target cell to bind to the receptor. After it reaches the receptor, glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen, which will then secrete glucose to the blood thus increasing the blood glucose levels. This is an example of positive feedback. Once the receptors in blood detect that the glucose in the blood is increasing, the target cells will then send a signal to the to stop the stimulation of glucagon. This is called negative
Glucose then enters the bloodstream, raising blood sugar levels. When blood sugar levels reach a certain point it stimulates the pancreas to release insulin (Brashers & Jones, 2014). Insulin then binds to insulin receptors on the cell membrane and allows glucose to enter the cells (Brashers & Jones, 2014). However, at the beginning stages of diabetes type 2, there are a reduced number of viable insulin receptors on the cell membrane, this is a result of prolonged exposure to high levels of glucose in the blood (this is classified as insulin resistance) (Scheen, 2003). Subsequently, the beta cells in the pancreas continue to produce more insulin to simulate the uptake of glucose, causing the beta cells to overwork and die (Scheen, 2003). Prolonged high levels of glucose in the blood stream can damage the body’s circulatory system and result in serious complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, blindness and nerve disease; without treatment diabetes can lead to death (Scheen,
Diabetes type 2 is a condition in which blood sugar levels are too high. According to a tutorial manufactured by Gwinnett Medical Center, “After eating foods that contain carbohydrates, chemicals in the small intestine break down the carbohydrates into simple sugar molecules called glucose. The cell lining of the small intestine absorbs the glucose, which then passes into the bloodstream. When the blood reaches the pancreas, beta cells in the pancreas detect the rising glucose levels. To reduce the glucose level, beta cells release insulin into the bloodstream. As the blood circulates through the body, the insulin and glucose exit the bloodstream into tissue to reach the body’s cells. Most cells of the body have certain
Cardiovascular system consists of Heart and blood vessels. Blood vessels carrying nutrients and other material and delivers them to organs in the body. Alcohol could be one of the material which is absorbed from digestive system in body and carry into the blood stream. Alcohol can affect the cardio vascular system by many ways. Since we drink the alcohol, it can cause the short-term Hypertension (which is high blood pressure), and Tachycardia (which is high heart rate). On the other hand, drinking lot of alcohol in long term may cause sever cardiovascular disease and in some cases, it may even be causing death. Some of the diseases are: Heart attack, Stroke. Heart is pumping oxygenated blood to the whole body, but the heart muscle itself needs
Homeostasis controls the glucose level in the body. Glucose is a small soluble molecule that is carried in the blood plasma and it deliver energy to the cells to function properly. The core level of glucose in the blood is about 4.5-5 millimole/litre. If the level raise above or falls under the core level on the long-term basis, it will modify the behaviour of the cells and serious health problems can arise. The pancreas plays a vital role in regulating blood glucose. The pancreas is a dual-purpose gland. It produces digestive enzymes in cells called acini, but also has an endocrine function. Within the acinar tissues are cell clusters known as islets of Langerhans, which produce hormones involved in controlling the blood sugar – the body’s
Glucose is the most important source for energy for almost all cells. Cells use glucose for both glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle. However, glucose cannot get across the membrane of cells without glucose transporters. They do not use energy, therefore will only work down the concentration gradient, so if a cell's glucose levels drop, glucose from the surrounding area will move into the cell so it can continue working. When blood sugar levels are too low, the liver cells contain a large amount of glucose because they have been stimulated by glucagon. Therefore, glucose moves across the cell membrane via the transporter and out into the blood,
For motor skills part, there are two factors to analysis, which include muscle control: leg muscles and heart muscles; eyesight effect by the alcohol consumption. An organization which is named Narconon Reviews (2013) claimed that motor-skills are those functions that muscles, hand, feet, etc work together. They are always executing specific actions, such as walking/running, driving a car, picking up an object/moving it. Motor skills also connect with sensory channels. These channels include sight, sound, touch, smell and even tastes. If an independent drinks alcohol, one of the channels will be limited.
Alcohol is a substance that has numerous diverse affects on the body-both positive and negative. Alcohol not only kills brain cells, but when taken in profusion it has almost no constructive affects. Sure it can make one overlook his/her problems, but the consequences of drinking in excess far outweigh the benefits. It is not a crime to get drunk, however alcohol will almost always cause one to conduct them self in a way he or she would not normally behave. For instance, a sober man will not usually drive ninety-five mph down I-95, however, after consuming a good amount of alcohol, his eyesight, judgement, reflexes and abilities are hindered to the point that he feels
A person’s physiology and genetics plays an important role for the biological causes of alcohol addiction. One individual would enjoy a substance or activity that it may become addicted. Whereas another another individual will enjoy the same substance and activity and not become addicted because the experience was different. People differ in the degree to which they like or dislike a particular addictive substance or activity. A function that varies among different people is their capability to resist certain types of impulses. Individual are at greater risk for developing and addiction, if they are incapable to resist certain types of impulses. This is said to because of genetic vulnerability. This statement was made according to psychologists A. Tom Horvath, Ph.D., ABPP, Kaushik Misra, Ph.D., Amy K. Epner, Ph.D., and
cells where it will be utilized as the primary source of fuel. When a person’s
In the article, Timing and Type of Alcohol Consumption and the Metabolic Syndrome by Bruna Angelo Vieira, Vivian Cristine Luft, Maria Inês Schmidt, Lloyd Ellwood Chambless, Dora Chor, Sandhi Maria Barreto, Bruce BartholowDuncan, it discussed the correlation between alcohol consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is the clustering of risk factors that predict the chances of having cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. These risk factors include obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and etc. According to the abstract, metabolic syndrome is a rising problem throughout the world. This condition correlates with many lifestyle choices and factors. However, its relationship with alcohol intake was unclear, therefore the purpose of this research was to determine if there is a correlation between alcohol intake and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The researchers investigated “interactions between the quantity of alcohol, the timing of its consumption with respect to meals, and the predominant beverage type in the association of alcohol consumption with the metabolic syndrome (et al.).”
Alcohol is one of many dangerous substances that effects our bodies. The effects of this drug can be very harmful. Alcohol is a potent non-prescription drug sold to anyone over the national legal drinking age, 21. Unlike other deadly drugs it is easy to access. This makes it easy to over-consume and create a tragic accident, even death. It can damage a person not only physically but also mentally and emotionally. Many people each year become more and more addicted to alcohol and soon experience all of it?s dangerous effects. Even if alcohol use is discontinued, some of these damages can not be cured, because the scars have been left on those that drink and those that surround them. The only hope
Alcohol and Its Effects on the Body As tempting as it might be to consume alcohol in college, I have found through recent experiences that the idea might not be as glamorous and fun as it seems. I have experienced the trouble that drinking can cause and the negative impacts that alcohol does to your body. Unfortunately, I have experienced many of the troubles that alcohol can acquire for someone.