The Effects Of Anesthesia On Cognitive Functioning

In order to measure a patient’s education level regarding the procedure, outcomes and after surgical care all study participants were give a “10- item Knowledge Test” that was developed by the researchers and reviewed by an independent panel of seven experts in the field of critical care (Chevillon et al., 2015). The reliability of the “10- item Knowledge Test” was not discussed by the authors; therefore, the reliability of this test is low and should be question. Further, Chevillon and researchers assess delirium by implementing ed a two part assessment of delirium by first using the “Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units” which is comprised four components that measure: (1) onset, fluctuation or changes in mental status, (2) lack of attention, (3) unorganized mental processing, and (4) changes in consciousness which was measured by using the “Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (Chevillon et al., 2015). As with the “10- item Knowledge Test”, the “Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units” reliability was not discussed by the authors of the study and the reliability cannot be established; however, in one study found the “Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units is an excellent diagnostic tool in critically ill ICU patients”, (Gusmao-Flores, Salluh, J. I. F., Chalhub, and

There are highly incidence report not only postoperative delirium (POD), but also postoperative cognitive dysfunction or decline (POCD) in older adults as a common phenomenon after major surgery especially joint arthroplasty. In older adults, an acute phase of cognitive impairment is POD (based on DSM-5: 293.0), and they prone to develop the chronic phase of cognitive impairment as POCD (based on DSM-5: 294.10/11). Older patients who develop POD or POCD during hospitalization are at greater risk for associated short-term and long-term negative consequences such as higher rates of mortality and morbidity, neurological impairment, functional decline, increased the length of hospital stays and high costs of hospitalization. Although the clinical

PONV rates are increasingly considered to be quality of care markers as life-threatening anesthetic related events are now rare. (1) This focus on PONV led to the establishment of expert Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting by the Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia, with endorsement of the 2014 revised guidelines by many professional anesthesiology associations around the world. (2) The guidelines recommended the identification of at-risk patients; the reduction of risk factors; the administration of prophylaxis commensurate with the degree of risk in the individual, including children; rescue treatment for patients in whom prophylaxis either failed or was not given;

Anesthesia has redefined surgery. It has converted surgery from a form of medical butchery into a highly professional, lifesaving event, that millions of people undergo, worldwide (The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2014, para 4). The history of anesthesia is not the most picturesque as it was rather gruesome and cost the lives of many. However, these deaths were not in vain as anesthesia led to surgery seemingly becoming an everyday ordeal, in which its astounding impact on society has increased exponentially, especially in recent years. Although it may appear as if anesthesia is a fairly simple concept, the science

While the research quantitative article had a successful problem statement, the qualitative article did not. The qualitative study was conducted to “ stimulate a debate on the different impacts of anesthesia used during craniotomy, which could produce different effects on memory and on the level of tolerance” (Palese, et al., 2008). This research article was written in a way to mainly evaluate an outcome or experience, rather than to “fix a problem.” Therefore, the problem statement for the qualitative article was ambiguously stated; in that, it was unsuccessfully located, nor does it identify a problem that “needs fixing.”

Aim: The aim of study was to compare the influence of either general anaesthesia(GA) or combined spinal epidural anaesthesia (CSEA) on post operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly (60 to 70 years) subjects undergoing hip surgery and to note the impact of preoperative hospitalization on POCD. Methods: A total of 60 ASa physical status 1 & 2patients were recruited for a Prospective Randmoized Parallel-group study, comparable in age and sex. Subjects were enrolled and randomized to receive either GA ( Group A, n=30) or CSEA (Group B, n=30).All of them screened using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clock Drawing Test (CDT)preoperatively. The operated patients Re-Evaluated by same scale on 3rd postoperative day for POCD. The impact of preoperative hospitalization on POCD also noted. The data collected were analyzed to assess statistical significance. Results: We observed no statistical difference in cognitive behaviour in either group pre-operatively, which were comparable with respect age and sex. Postoperatively a significant difference was seen between the two groups in MMSE scores and CDT scores. No association of POCD and pre operative days of hospital stay seen. Conclusions: We observed a significant Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction with GA in comparison to CSEA. Gender and preoperative hospitalization have no association with POCD.

Anesthesia is the pain reliever to people who have a chronic pain to those who need to get their wisdom

The ability to process, comprehend and recall information is vital to human existence. Impaired cognition has a detrimental effect on a person, impacting on their physical and social wellbeing. This literature review will examine postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), a condition that may occur following surgery that negatively alters cognitive function. An analysis of the freely available literature to define POCD and its theoretical mechanisms of action leads to identified possible patient, surgical and anaesthetic risk factors. The prevention and methods of reducing POCD was assessed in the review, to identify potential ways to limit cognitive decline. It is hoped that through an appraisal of the journal articles, a greater understanding of POCD will develop and the current evidence to avert or

As per your complain swollen foot is due to allergic reaction to the poisnous chemical that is released by the bee sting while the numb feeling is due to there is presence of an anesthesia like agent in the toxin which is used to make the prey unconscious after attack and as the quantity is not sufficient to cause a generalized anesthesia in humans but can lead to numbing of the area around where the bee sting has occurred ..

In the pre-op I shadowed Hope, she has a very alert, attentive, focus and organized. Hope verified all the information she had received from Roxie, and went through again with the patient. Hope explained to the patient about drugs being administered before he will be wheeled into the operating room. Various drugs reduce vagal –induced bradycardia, inhibit oral and gastric secretions, and decreased the amount of anesthetic needed for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia (Ignatavicius & Workman, p 234). Before Hope administer all the ordered medications to the patient, the anesthesiologist came in and talked to patient, went through all the information about the past medical history, allergies, and if he had any reaction to any anesthetic agents that they use. The anesthesiologist also had a form explaining to the patient how the doctor preferred the patient to be anesthetized during the procedure which is general anesthesia commonly used in this kind of procedure. After all the anesthesia information was explain to the patient, the patient signed the form. Hope also waited for the surgeon to come and see the patient while the patient still awake before Hope can administer all the preoperative drugs and verify the operating room team that their patient is ready. When all of these are said and done Hope administer all the medications and

Hemodynamic parameters measured during intra-operative and postoperative periods did not show any significant differences over that time within each group or between the two groups (p> 0.05). Also there was no significant difference between both groups in the mean postoperative sedation score,

The main idea of the current paper is to provide a well-constructed analysis of the article titled “Meta-analysis of thoracic epidural anesthesia versus general anesthesia for cardiac surgery” written by Svircevic, van Dijk, Nierich, Passier, Kalkman, van der Heijden, and Bax in 2011. In doing so, this author attempts to validate the overall quality of the research being presented and its applicability to the nurse anesthesia practice.

This not only influences the type of sedation offered but also the setting in which any treatment is undertaken. One of the most commonly employed means of assessing fitness for sedation is the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) classification7. The system is widely used and helps to identify medical conditions that may influence sedation management. There is some evidence to suggest that there can be issues with regards to inter-examiner reliability and reproducibility of results. Sankar et al. under took a retrospective cohort study looking the reliability of ASA classification in clinical practice 8. The study included a large sample cohort of patients, however some limitations in the evidence where the lack of blinding of the assessing anesthetists therefore introducing a potential source of bias. Furthermore, a large proportion of the patients assessed fell into the ASA II and III categories, therefore the case mix is limited and could be problematic in generalizing the findings. Similarly the proposed evidence that the ASA classification demonstrates, moderate inter-examiner reliability, is also reinforced in a further two studies 9, 10. Interestingly both of the studies identify the ASA classification as a useful tool in assessing patient fitness for sedation or anaesthesia and perioperative risk. However both of these latter studies were

After approval from The Ethics and Research Committee of Anesthesia Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University and obtaining written informed consents, 135 adult patients, of both sexes, with ASA grade I and II, in the age group 30-70 years, scheduled for elective cataract surgery under local anesthesia, were admitted to the ophthalmology operating theatre and enrolled in a prospective randomized controlled trial. The patients were randomly allocated in three study groups (45 patients in each group) according to the medications they received.

An evaluation of the project was planned on March 10, 2016. A formal presentation was attended by eight personnel including the staff and assistant manager of the post anesthesia care unit at Group Health in Bellevue. A survey was completed by six of the participants. The staff scored them on a scale of strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree or strongly disagree. Questions were: Did you find the information useful? Was the presentation easy to understand? Were the recommendations appropriate? Did you gain knowledge in factors that influence educating the elderly (>65 years) patients? Will this influence a change in your practice? What did you find most useful? What did you find useless? The feedback was all positive with the exception