The Effects Of Bordetella Pertussis On An Acute Respiratory Tract Infection

Pertussis toxin locks Gɑi in the GDP bound inactive conformation, this would reduce the duration and extent of the scent.

Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by a bacterium, Bordatella pertussis. In 2010 it affected 27, 5501 individuals and was responsible for 262 deaths in the United States. Bordatella pertussis colonizes in the cilia of the respiratory tract3 producing uncontrollable coughing with paroxysms (fits) followed with a high pitched intake of air creating a whoop sound, posttussive emesis (cough induced vomiting), and exhaustion.3 These symptoms can last up to 10 weeks.3 Adults can transfer Pertussis to infants who are not fully immunized, subsequently, they are at a greater risk and may have serious complications from Pertussis including pneumonia and death.4

What is pertussis, commonly known as “whooping cough”? Whooping cough is an infection of the respiratory

Queenan, A. M., Cassiday, P. K., & Evangelista, A. (n.d.). Pertactin-Negative Variants of Bordetella pertussis in the United States — NEJM. Retrieved February 8, 2017, from

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, a gram-negative

Whooping cough (pertussis) is a serious, transmissible respiratory infection that is caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacterium. The disease is characterized by cold symptoms at first and develops to prolong coughing with a whooping sound made due to heavy breathing, sneezing, running nose and low body temperature. The disease is airborne and spread when an infected person sneezes or coughs and the close person breathe in the air. The disease mainly touches infants who are below six months old and children who are between 11 to 18 years of age whose immunity against the disease is dwindling, as its effectiveness lasts for four years. A number of Fallsburg Elementary School kids are in this age bracket, hence are likely to contract the disease.

Whooping cough is a respiratory illness caused by bordetella pertussis bacteria. This bacteria attaches itself to the tiny hairs that line the respiratory system. Once it has attached, it will release toxins that damage and inflame respiratory system.

Bordetella pertussis, more commonly known as whooping cough is typically a six week disease divided into three stages. From the 1500s to the 1900s whooping cough was an unidentified disease. Long after its first outbreak in the 1500, it was finally discovered in the 1906 by scientists Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou. Most outbreaks occurred in children and it was not until 1920 that a vaccine was developed by Dr. Louis S. Sauer in Evanstion Hospital in Illinois. Several years later, in 1942, scientists Pearl Kendrick came up with a vaccine using DPT. However, there was controversy over whether this vaccine cause permanent brain damage, despite the fact that with the help of this vaccine there was over a 99% decline in whooping cough

Pertussis is an infectious disease that can be contracted by kids, teens and adults. Most people at first cannot tell that it is Pertussis.. Well this is very common because a cold has nearly identical symptoms to those of Pertussis. There are differences in the symtoms like how those of Pertussis or Whooping Cough develop at a much slower rate than those of a cold. If left untreated, it can be fatal. This is especially true if an infant contracts the disease. Since this disease is most common in babies and kids this can be a huge concern for the majority of parents.

Clostridium perfringens is a thick cell-walled, spore producing bacterium able to thrive without oxygen and the second most common source of foodborne illness in the United States. A few strains of C. perfringens produce toxins such as Alpha toxin, which is known for causing vasoconstriction— the constriction of blood vessels, causing dramatic blood pressure increase— blood clots, and low cardiac output along with Beta 1 toxin causing acute hemorrhagic cell death in avian, and Beta 2 toxin is known to cause stomach flu among cattle, equine, and swine. Even fewer strains produce the far rarer C, D, and E toxins, all sporting similar symptoms. In humans, symptoms of infection from C. perfringens are vomiting, nausea, abdominal cramping, diarrhea,

Whooping cough is most commonly found in infants. If a child were to obtain whooping cough within the first three months of his or her life, the infant is highly likely to be killed by the disease. The reason for this is because of how difficult it is to identify. It starts out

People of any age can compact the disease, children under the age of two are at the highest risk for both the disease and for serious difficulty and death. Evidently, exposure to B. pertussis bacteria earlier in life gives people immunity against infection with it later on. .Whooping cough may begin like a common cold; runny nose, low-grade fever, and coughing. It spreads when an infected person sneezes or coughs while in close contact with others. Unlike the common cold, the pertussis cough continues and may get worse. Coughing can come in violent fits. The name “whooping cough” comes from the high-pitched noise a “whoop” that infants and children make when they gasp for air after a fit of

Early symptoms may include but are not limited to: runny nose, low-grade lingering fever, coughing, and apnea. That may not sound very bad but because pertussis in its early stages appears to be more like the common cold, it is often not diagnosed until the more severe symptoms appear. Pertussis can also cause violent coughing until the air is gone from the lungs. This extreme coughing can result in throwing up and exhaustion. The first pertussis vaccine was developed in the 1930s. The vaccine was in full use by the mid-1940s.

D. Pertussis disease was discovered in the year 1906. Since then various vaccinations have been developed but have been unable to effectively control the disease with a high rate of incidences across the years. Finding a solution for pertussis has remained a public health issue with currently no real chance of finding a solution.

pneumoniae and there chemotactic signals and the host cell’s alternate pathway, invade the alveoli. Also red blood cells are recruited to this site. In the third stage, mostly neutrophils are packed into the alveoli and very few bacteria remain. In the final stage, macrophages eliminate the remaining residue from the inflammatory response. As one can see, the damage which is done to the lung is largely a result of the host’s inflammatory response, which causes the build up of fluids in the lungs. If S. pneumoniae is allowed to persist in the lungs it can then invade the blood, which causes bacteremia. When in the blood it can traverse the blood-brain barrier and infect the meninges, which results in meningitis. S. pneumoniae is also associated with diseases in other parts of the respiratory tract including the paranasal sinuses, which is better known as sinusitis, and the middle ear can become infected, which is known as otitis media. It has also been known to cause peritonitis, an inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominal wall, and it is also implicated in causing arthritis.