The Effects Of Chemical Treatments On The Life Of The Timber

As laudable as their mission is, it is faced with the difficulties of resource scarcity in Haiti. The lack of lumber in Haiti is a major obstacle in rebuilding the country. The deforestation of Haiti has long been an issue of concern for the island nation, affecting the economic and ecological health of the country. Wood is quite significant for building structures in Haiti, as cement buildings are a danger in a region susceptible to to

Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation organization budgeted for and planned a way to help save this tree species. For the past couple years, biannual Ash tree treatments have been in place to help save the Ash trees of Fort Wayne. This past summer 647 Ash trees in Fort Wayne were treated to prevent the Ash Borer from killing them. Because this treatment is a biannual treatment, only half of the population of Ash trees was treated the summer of 2013. The other half of the population was treated the previous summer and will be treated again in the summer of 2014. (City of Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation, 2013) Davey Resource group was the lowest bidder and took on the project of treating the Ash trees. “Davey Resource Group provides a full range of natural resource and utility consulting services to the commercial, residential, municipal and governmental markets.” (Davey)

Insecticides have been used to try to control the emerald ash borer. However, there are guidelines for the use of these chemicals. There is a per acre use limit which means that all ash trees in the same area can be treated more than once in a year with the same chemical. Before treating an area one should pro-rate the acre use limit to match the size of the treatment area in order to control the concentration of the chemicals being used. Insecticides used against the borer may be soil applied, trunk injected and cover sprays. The soil applied treatment has been tested and has proved to be very inconsistent. Therefore, environmental activists concerned about the use of insecticides moved towards using a trunk injected treatment, but this has too been proven inconsistent in their trials. Cover sprays, however, seem to be providing mediocre results. While this treatment

The government of Canada has decided to implement a 30 year plan, which will cost over 2 billion dollars, it includes using insecticides and traps to eliminate Emerald Ash Borers and further infections in ash trees. Another negative effect is Emerald Ash Borer’s ability to consume white fringe tree, a close relative of ash trees, which is a sign that Emerald Ash Borers might be able to infect different types of tree in the future. Emerald Ash Borer has caused a slowdown in Canada’s forestry industry due to the death of many ash trees, which will mean slower economic growth for Canada, since we rely a lot on forestry products. Emerald Ash Borer has been increasing in population rapidly due to a lack of enough predators. As Emerald Ash Borer continue to threaten our forests, which has provided us with camping grounds, shade, and oxygen for years will be at risk. Ash trees are also an important part in preventing clogged river, streams, and water-treatment plant because of soil slides resulting from rain. Trees normally holds on to the soil to prevent clogged rivers and streams, but with Emerald Ash Borers wiping out million of ash tree and putting billions more at risk, it could disrupt the delicate balance between trees and soil. Researchers expect ash tree mortality rates will have ecological impacts on animals that rely on ash

Eliminating the bronze birch borer from your trees and restoring them to their natural health requires multiple treatment methods. First of all, you need to ensure the health of your tree by watering them regularly: one slow watering every few weeks should be enough. Next, you need to spread at least three-inches of wood chips around the base of the tree to hold in moisture. Most importantly: do not fertilize your trees when they are infested with the bronze birch borer: the extra growths can actually attract more birch borers to your

Based on the current conditions of the area, we hypothesis that tree survivability will be highest in elevations above 3,000 feet and below 3,300 feet, highest in slopes between 0 - 45 degrees, and highest in aspects between 0 - 33 degrees. Tree survivability will also be highest in area with the best soil, water quality, and forest health conditions for successful tree sapling growth.

By planning to open 200 more stores in the near future, IKEA Group will strain their current sustainability practices and wood sourcing standards. According to IKEA Group’s Chief Sustainability Officer, “Worldwide economic activity, if left unchecked, is already on track to consuming 150% of planet earth’s resources” (Rangan, 2017, pg.1) The amount of lumber IKEA will need to procure is rising, but the amount available that fits their standards isn’t rising at the same rate. IKEA’s push to double sales and open the 200 stores will need to be met by a push to create or procure lumber that fit their standard. The options before IKEA are the following: to drive higher procurement targets and standards, to use more recycled wood, to own more forests,

Many people think that to get rid of them we have to cut down the ash trees but that is not true. Recently in Burnsville, this summer it injected 14 ash trees at City Hall with pesticide to protect them against the emerald ash borer. Deborah McCullough, a professor of entomology and forestry at Michigan State University. Based on her research, she says: “There is no reason for a landscape ash tree to die from emerald ash borer anymore. The treatment is so effective and so much cheaper than removal and replacement that I can’t get a single elected official to weigh in on the side of removing healthy trees because we don’t have to, and that is never popular with the public.” Private ash trees that were not injected are dead, while treated ash trees on city property stand nearby in good health. Michigan and Ohio State research shows that injecting Tree-age “provides at least two years of almost 100 percent control” of larvae, McCullough said. Applying pesticides every two years costs about $250 a tree, while removal and replacement is $700 to $1,200 a tree. The company says the product is a safe, “organic” option. We should try that option instead of cutting down trees. This would help protect the area of great lakes from emerald ash

Clear cutting forests can be proven to be an unstable way of practising forestry as its long term affects to an environment target the climate, soil conservation, biodiversity and hydrological regimes. Depleting forest resources will be given strict and serious punishment as it affects society as a whole and not

The history of Timber in Texas begins in the 1800’s. According to Maxwell (2010), there was evidence of sash mills being used before the Texas Revolution to produce lumber. The use of the first steam sawmill in Texas was supposed to be released by John Richardson Harris in 1829, but he unfortunately died before he could come out with this project. His brothers carried out his will and created the sawmill, which led to more than 200 sawmills operating along the Gulf Coast.

Research by Su et al. (1996) revealed that different hardwood content in stands influences balsam fir defoliation and mortality caused by spruce budworm. Defoliation and mortality are less in stand with high hardwood content than in stands with low hardwoods (MacLean 1980; Bergeron et al. 1995; Su et al. 1996). This results in higher canopy openness in stands with high conifer content than in high hardwood content

Forests are carbon sinks, they absorb carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and store it in plant biomass and soils belowground. When the trees die, they stop absorbing and storing carbon dioxide, and as they decompose, they release some of the stored carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere (Suzuki & Moola, 2008). The mountain pine beetle (Aendroctonus ponderosae) is a primary agent of forest disturbance, a higher number of outbreaks occur due to favorable forest age and climate patterns (Progar et al., 2014). The mountain pine beetle (MPB) starts its attack when the female finds a pine tree (usually lodgepole) that is at least 80 years old. Upon finding the tree the female bores into it, while releasing a pheromone that attracts the male beetles. When the males arrive they, also release more pheromones to attract more females. The tree tries to defend its self by secreting a toxic resin. But the beetles carry spores of a blue-stain fungus in their mouths which they release as they bore into the tree, the fungus prevents the tree from transporting nutrients and water. The beetles lay eggs under the tree’s bark, and when the larvae hatch, they feed on the blue fungus until they are mature enough to leave the now dead tree (Aukema et al., 2006).

The Emerald Ash Borer is a phloem-feeding beetle that is native to Asia and has been increasing its presence in the US. The beetle is invasive, harmful to native ash trees, and has the ability to spread (Kovacs et al., 2010). The invasive beetles cause destruction to ash trees in a gradual process, that usually lasts three years. The beetles initiate the attack along the upper trunk and bases of main branches and then work their way down (Winners, 2002). The adult beetles lay eggs on the ash tree’s bark and when they hatch, the larvae bore into the bark and feed on the transportation tissues of the tree (NCFS, 2016). This causes disruption of the movement of nutrients and water within the tree. Since the bug resides and lays eggs within the tree’s bark, they are hard to recognize until the

To begin, forest based industrialization is based on forest resources that are used to stimulate economic growth and development. One of the products that have been most important to human economies has always been wood. Wood is durable, light weight, easily worked, waterproof, and a good fiber source. Wood is used in almost every aspect of our lives, for building materials, living, and just surviving. We need wood to build our homes to live in and buildings in which we work and spend the other resource that comes from trees “money”. Studies show that 70% of the products that we use a day are made of some kind of wood. If we were to look around our homes and count all the items that are made of wood we would probably find that 60 percent are made of wood. Without wood humans and other species would never be able to survive.

Given the issue of deforestation and the link to global warming, IKEA would need to take into consideration finding a low-cost material as a replacement for wood.