The Effects Of Chemicals On Our Daily Lives

The problem with plastic ending up in the ocean is that marine life is being harmed by the presence of it. A study done on the harbor seals in the Netherlands found that more than 12% had plastic in the digestive system (California Coastal Commission). The list of affected species indicates that marine debris is affecting a significant number of species. It affects at least 267 species worldwide, including 86% of all sea turtle species, 44% of all seabird species, and 43% of all marine mammal species (Save our shores). The problem is underestimated because the marine life that ingests plastic or dies from entanglement often goes undiscovered due to the vastness of the ocean, as they either sink or are eaten by predators before they are discovered (Plastic Debris). The potential harm from ingestion of plastics is not restricted to seabirds. Plastic bags drifting on ocean currents resemble the prey of turtles. There is evidence that their survival is being hindered by plastic debris with young sea turtles being vulnerable (Ocean pollution). Over the past 20 years polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have polluted marine food webs at an increasing rate, and are prevalent in seabirds. Though their adverse effects may not always be apparent, PCBs lead to reproductive disorders, increase the risk of disease and alter hormone levels. These chemicals have a detrimental effect on marine organisms even at very low levels and plastic pellets could be a route for PCBs into marine food

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been commercially used since 1957, and has been employed to make certain plastics and epoxy resins. Bisphenol A has been made into a variety of common consumer goods, such as water bottles, CDs and DVDs. While in epoxy resins that contain Bisphenol A are used to line water pipes, coatings on the inside of beverage cans, and in thermal paper such as sales receipts. A research conducted by the Environmental Health Perspective has said that from the years 1992-1999 Bisphenol A has rose in human urine. In which has been resulted by the Environmental Health Perspective that the cause of rise of Bisphenol A in human consummation is the use of consumer goods such as the lining of beverage drinks, and certain water bottles (Environmental Health Perspective study WEB 2). Also with the rise of littering in the world such products are being thrown into lakes, ponds, and the oceans which is resulting in contamination. Which is greatly affecting the marine life, environment, and human life. So ultimately this experiment is being conducted to display the harmful physical effects of Bisphenol A on marine life, and if it can be later translated

The overall food contamination by Bisphenol A is unknown, but the nutrition/ health impact of this chemical is an important subject to be discussed for all individuals. The main aim of one study recently analyzed was to assess the reproductive impact of BPA leached from regularly available polycarbonate plastic containers. The bottles specifically chosen for testing were those that were used by children. The migration of BPA occurs in polycarbonate plastics (i.e. water bottles and baby bottles). Toxicology reports show society the importance of evaluating these products before purchase and consumption as a consumer. For a particular experiment, researchers used Daphnia Magna, a small flea that cleans and absorbs particles that infect the solution they are placed in, and bred them in the polycarbonate containers. A control group was created using water bottles without the infection of these creatures. A GC-MS machine to detect the level of BPA released by each polycarbonate plastic then evaluated the water. An increase in the reproduction of BPA was detected when the Daphnia Magna were bred inside the container. Although these organisms effected the leaching of Bisphenol A, the GC-MS was able to detect, through the control group, that BPA is released without DM. An Eco toxicological effect was observed through all of this testing, and provided evidence to substantiate the fact that Bisphenol A is leached from polycarbonate plastics. The BPA was further analyzed in the Daphnia

This is because the chemical has one of the most common environmental chemical exposures to humans. Abbreviated “BPA”, bisphenol A exposure, has been linked with several mechanisms that are involved in the development of cardiovascular disease, this comprises of weight gain, insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress (NHANES 11).Public health places emphasis that the health of populations should be considered by reducing the quantity of bottled water they consume. Data should be collected for the purposes of policy decision making and deciding the best ways the consumption of bottled water should be curtailed Considering that an endocrine-disrupting chemical, BPA has been shown to have estrogenic and thyroid hormone that disrupts the effects of experimental studies. This owes to the fact that there are significant relations between childhood obesity and the type of water such children who get infected by the disease consume. The venture hence becomes a serious concern because people, specifically Americans, have been unknowingly poisoning themselves and their children with the prior mentioned chemical. This has been championed by the use of BPA contained in bottled water. Notably, only reduces human consumption of this harmful chemical which is found 93% of the American adult

More than 90% of us have BPA in our bodies right now. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a harmful chemical used to manufacture most plastics and cans. It is also found in most water bottles and baby formulas. Although many people use processed goods daily, they have very harmful chemicals in them such as BPA. BPA can lead to many major health issues such as problems in the central nervous system, cardiovascular disease, and even cancer.

During recent years, numerous newspaper and magazine articles have suggested that humans may be at risk because small amounts of well known environmental contaminants, such as dioxin, PCBs and DDT, can affect hormone levels. Hormones are produced by the endocrine system as regulators of biological function in target organs. Because hormones play a critical role in early development, toxicological effects on the endocrine system often have an impact on the reproductive system. The term endocrine disruptor is used to describe chemicals that can mimic hormones and may either enhance or counteract their effects. It has been suggested that these hormone changes can, in turn, lead to a variety of health problems

Most consumers are unaware of the chemicals they ingest on a daily basis. Some of these chemicals are added to ensure shelf life, taste, or texture. While others are ingested by eating animals that have come into contact with chemicals in their environment or their feed. While government agencies such as the Federal Drug Administration, Environmental Protection Agency and the United States Department of Agriculture state that these chemicals are harmless in small doses other research has proven otherwise. Using laboratory animals these chemicals have been shown to increase the development of cancer, chromosomal defects, leukemia, reproductive and neurological problems. This paper will focus on the common chemicals of Bisphenol-A

The general human population worldwide could be constantly exposed to at least some level of BPA at any given time. When total urinary concentrations of BPA were measured among participants ≥ 6 years of age in the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) survey, results showed that about 93% of United States general population have detectable levels of BPA (Calafat et al., 2008). Furthermore, the median daily intake of BPA among the overall population is around 34 ng/kg-day (LaKind and Naiman, 2011). While 34 ng/kg-day is lower than the RfD of 50, it has been suspected that low-dose exposures to BPA can cause harmful health effects. There is especially great concern

Many scientific researchers have said that our environment has been filled with toxic chemicals, which us humans have had a part of. There are many different issues that should concern us surrounding these toxic chemicals. The major concern is that many of these toxic chemicals have been claimed to be causing damage to the health of humans and even other life forms. Another concern is that most of the theses toxic chemicals have just recently been produced; and by our environment changing everyday there is no telling what effects these toxic chemicals may have in the long run on the public 's health. Just about all of these toxic chemicals exist in the way they do because of humans. As humans we practice a lot of different activities that cause toxic chemicals to pollute our environment such as, agriculture, industrial, and many domestic activities as well. Many of the toxic chemicals that we produce and use don 't get used in a effective way, which causes them to be wasted, left abandoned, and disposed of. When toxic chemicals are not disposed of properly they effect the environment and the public 's health in a negative way.

Having high levels of insulin and glucose in the blood stream is very unhealthy. It causes many health issues, the most prominent one being weight gain. Since BPA is an endocrine disruptor for insulin, the glucose that is not being used for energy must go somewhere. This excess glucose gets stored as fat, which is why there is such an increase in weight gain in the organisms that were exposed to BPA. Many of the articles referenced above mention type 2 diabetes is very common due to exposure to BPA. Pre-natal exposure to BPA can be seen as a variable that gives way to most of the health effects. The problem presented is that these health effects (insulin/glucose tolerance, weight gain, and sexual function) are ongoing. They do not show up

Clearly, bisphenol-A is a chemical that people or animals should consume. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has shown concern about possible effects of BPA on humans. The possible effects can harm very young children, fetuses, the brain, behavior, and hormones.

The use of bisphenol A (BPA) in consumer products has been controversial and reemerging as a purported threat to public and environmental health. Since its first uses as a xenoestrogen in the early 1900s, BPA is now used extensively in plastics, food packaging, thermal receipts, and dental products. With estimated annual production of BPA exceeding 4 million metric tons, humans are exposed to BPA through a variety of routes, including ingestion through dietary sources, dermal exposure through thermal receipts, and inhalation of household dust (Michalowicz, 2014). Animal research models have extensively demonstrated the endocrine disrupting potential of BPA. Furthermore, correlational epidemiological studies in humans have

Perchlorates are inorganic chemical compounds that have a pounding effect on human health and especially on the thyroid homeostasis. The growing levels of perchlorates in drinking water and industrial waste have a detrimental impact on the public health in various ways. This report tries to correlate the impact of perchlorates and their effect on the human population. The damage caused by perchlorates varies from person to person and is governed by a set of factors like the duration of the exposure, amount of exposure, age group, gender and lifestyle. Perchlorates acts by competitively inhibiting the sodium/iodide symporter and thereby blocks the iodide intake into the thyrocytes leading to a decrease in T3 and T4 hormone secretions. However different EDC’s (Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals) have their own corresponding mechanisms of thyroid homeostasis disruption.

In today’s society chemicals, whether you like it or not are a fact of life. Many people are afraid of chemicals and their effects on them and the environment. This is understandable because the truth of the matter is that chemicals can do some horrible things to humans, animals and the whole ecosystem. Some would say that chemicals should be done away with for these reasons. But this certainly is not true and most likely impossible. Chemicals can also have some very positive effects on our lives. Some uneducated people would argue that there should not be restrictions on chemicals. This is just as crazy as saying that chemicals should be done away with. If chemicals are regulated and people abide

Due to their regurgitation ability; most studies have focused on the ingestion of plastic pollution by bird, this does little harm to birds used in the studies. The effects of ingestible plastic on fish have not been studied as thoroughly and no studies have been conducted on filter-feeding organisms, which do not possess a feeding mechanism which would allow them to distinguish between plastic and plankton. Plastic pollution is only getting worse due to increasing population of developing countries. A wide variety of marine species is known to be harmed by plastic debris. This could threaten the survival of certain species, especially since many are sadly endangered by other types of anthropogenic actions.