The Effects Of Declining Fertility On South Korea And Japan

When the early humans left Africa, there was only 5,000 people. Now, the planet is overpopulated, over 7 billion and counting. Nations all over the world to use too much of their finite resources and spend too much money to maintain the life of their population. Other issues intensify with the addition of more people, such as poverty, starvation, and climate change. This is a problem even developed countries face, like Japan for instance. However, Japan has been successful in combating the problems that arrive with overpopulation in several ways. In order for the world as a whole to overcome overpopulation, nations must look to Japan as an example.

1a. China and Japan are both industrialized countries where population is decreasing; however, they are both decreasing due to different social, economic, or political factors. With 1.33 billion people, China has been one of the world’s most populous countries, however due to the overpopulation crisis; it caused implications and strain upon the country’s energy and resources. This called for the government attention to fix the issue of overpopulation by developing the “one-child policy” which limits couples to having only one child each. The overall outcome of the policy was to reduce population growth, increase economic growth, limit poverty, and to create better health for the citizens of China. Governments

For a few years, America has had quite a low fertility rate, but it is not something that we should be afraid of. “America’s fertility rate may be holding up, but America’s middle-class women are producing at rates far below the Golden Number” (Last, 6). For me, there is no “Golden

Today, in western industrialized nations, the decision whether or not to have children is, as Berk (2004) describes it a “….matter of individual choice” (p.460). This contrasts with many non western nations where what Michaels (1988, cited in Berk, 2004) describes childbearing as, “…an unavoidable cultural demand” (p.460).

Within a postmodern era, the fertility rates across the western countries have experienced a rapid decline. A transition from a relatively high to a relatively low fertility rate. Throughout the development in the society, there are many fundamental changes which cause the decrease in the fertility rate. This essay will discuss….

In Susan Greenhalgh's study, Situating Fertility: Anthropology and Demographic Inquiry, she studies the pitfalls of analyzing reproduction and fertility through classic demographic theory. Greenhalgh argues that the lens of political economy offers a more comprehensive understanding of global reproductive trends. An understanding of the foundational differences between political economy of reproduction and classic demographic theories in terms of their respective views on social, political, and economic factors, illuminates the benefits of a political economy framework. Utilizing two cases studies one concerning the practice of Birth Spacing in the Belgian Congo, and the second focusing on the reproductive history of women of color in the United

Median age, fertility and morality rates are all contributing attributes that pose both advantages and challenges towards the people of Australia and Japan.[Topic Sentence] An ageing population is a widespread aberration that ultimately provides severe insinuation of both developed and developing countries. This phenomenon entails issues regarding the rapid shifts of the working-age population, children and seniors [1]. As such, this process is predominately determined by the decline of fertility, mortality rates at older ages and median age expansion [2].[Background Information] It is a common misconception to associate ageing population with extensive medical and social care expenses, as services are becoming privatized, preventing financial damages for the government in the 21st century [Scope][3].

China's one child policy was unnecessary because in doc B it shows that in Brazil the fertility rate dropped from 4.2 to 1.9 between 1979 and 2008. In South Korea it shows that it dropped from 2.9 to 1.2 between 1979 and 2008. In Thailand it shows that it dropped from 3.6 to 1.8 between 1979 and 2008.

Replacement fertility surprised me! I didn’t know that childbirths were happening to replace the existing population. We were experiencing a population explosion because everyone stopped dying so frequently. I didn’t know population was going down, but I it makes sense since fertility is going down, i.e. Russia. In Russia, there is an ongoing 50% decline in population. Russia has actually been paying their citizens to have more children. Economic prosperity has never been accustomed by depopulation but economy does influence fertility. According to (“Falling fertility,” 2009) farmers who lived off their harvest and risked falling victim to a drought, could depend only on themselves and their children. “A family of eight may be the only insurance against disaster. But for the new middle classes of China, India or Brazil, with factory jobs, cars and bank accounts, the problems of extreme insecurity lie in the past. For them, a child may be a joy, a liability or an accident—but not

This decline in birth rates seems to be the result of adults starting to control their family size or even government action. With the implementation of urban societies and an industrialized culture, the want and need for many children had become less evident as children are seen as a hassle than a benefit. Urbanization and industrialization are more common with more developed countries so these countries have the ability to provide opportunities that are more attracting than raising children. These countries have the money to invest in controlling birth rates, unlike poorer countries that can't afford to help their people as much. It seems to be a pattern, that developed countries has already gone through each stage because of their power to shape and implement technology into their people daily lives, but it has lowered birth rates severely as well. The Demographic Transition model will end with the fourth and final stage, which is characterized by low birth rates and low death rates. This accounts for a very small increase in population and will add up to possibly over a thousand years of doubling time to replace the current

Despite the exact reasons for the mortality and fertility transitions, they are realities that are occurring and thus it is important to understand the implications for countries. As already mentioned the mortality transition tends to occur before the fertility transitions. As a result there is a period in which the country will experience a period of heightened population growth before fertility begins to decline. This raises the question what are the effects of heightened

Singapore has reached 1.2 births per woman and South Korea has one of most the lowest fertility rate in the world. It is slightly less than 1.1 births per woman. South Korea’s fertility rate went from 228,100 births in January-June 2015 to 215, 200 births in January-June 2016. A South Korean expert on family and gender, says that in order to understand the issue, especially in Korea, we needed to take a closer look at attitudes on marriage, childbearing, and gender roles, with economics playing a large role, too. Women in modern Korea, who has a high level of education could therefore most likely have the potential for economic independence and could have developed non-traditional views on marriage and childbearing. A trend suggested that an increasing proportion of women will be evaluating costs and benefits of having children and other options in life such as having more time for employment and other non-familial activities. Young men and women who are in their early 30’s grew up in an era where South Korea was experiencing its most fast economic growth. It is most likely that they have formed a taste for a high level of consumption and high expectations of social and economic advances in their adult life.

According to the United Nation’s data, the total fertility rate of China was 5.7 births per woman in 1969, and it declined to 2.8 births per women by 1979. This remarkable

Demography 's classic-transition theory furthers the modernization narrative that is central to this argument. The theory presents a three-phase timeline to explain the reproductive history of all nations. Countries begin in the pre-transition phase where high mortality and high birth rates create slow population growth, which is considered a traditional society. The second phase is the transition where slowing mortality rates and high birth rates produce raid population growth. During this stage birth rate should begin to fall if the country is actively attempting to become a modern society. In the final stage low birth rates and low mortality rates bring the population growth back to a slow or stagnant pace, which is a modern society

During the 1970's, China’s fertility rate dropped at a striking pace - incomparable to any other nation in the same span of time. By 1980, fertility rates had dropped to just over 2.0[1] and continued to further decrease as the 80’s progressed. This hefty reduction was accredited to the deployment of the One Child Policy - implemented to address the fears of China’s main demographic leaders who feared that post-development, China’s population size would surpass its carrying capacity. Facilitated by the dogma presented by military scientists during the Maoist era - the One Child policy presented a arithmetical and