The Effects Of Deep Sea Mining On Earth

13 In Elements as Money, Kean begins the chapter with the story about the famous prince Midas, informing us that people during 3000 BC were unable to identify the distinct types of metals. This lead to the creation of counterfeiting, asides from this idea came the fascination for gold. Although these gold rushes were quite glorifying they had an aftermath, which consisted of the need for housing supplies. From the gold rush, came the urgency for tellurium since it was able to be broken down into gold. Towards the end of the chapter, aluminum is highlighted as important, at one point it was valued more than gold.

While the United States of America were developing and people there were exploring the territory, land and its natural resources, they discovered gold under the earth’s surface, in the mines. In January, 1848, James W. Marshall, found a shiny yellow piece of metal, wandering along the tailrace on the American River. Afterwards the inspection, he claimed that it was a gold nugget. (Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1889). History of California, Volume 23: 1843–1850. San Francisco: The History Company. pp. 32–34.) At that time, with reference to “History of California” written by Hubert Howe, the famous Gold Rush took place in California. Miners were working hard in order to search for more gold pieces. However, miners needed a strong, high quality material

The closest to the surface is the epipelagic subzone stretches to about 200m. This zone has enough sunlight and nutrients for bigger marine creatures like tuna, sharks, giant jellyfish and predator fishes. The second subzone, the mesopelagic, also known as the twilight zone, with the depth of 200m to 1000m; this zone has barely sunlight. The insufficient of sunlight prohibits organisms to perform photosynthesis in the twilight zone. Surviving in the twilight zone is about seeing and not being seen. These organisms need to be able to see their prey, but they should not be spotted by their predators. The next subzone is the bathypelagic ranging from 1000 to 4000 m, containing bioluminescent marine organisms which create light, like hatchet fish and squid. Below 150m, photosynthesis is impossible; hence there are only animals and no plants in this region and below. The animals living in the bathypelagic zone solely rely on detritus for food or on eating other animals. At this depth and pressure, the animals most commonly found are fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and jellyfish.Red, black and bioluminescent animals in this appear as completely black to others since there is very little to no light penetration at this depth. Following the bathypelagic is the abyssopelagic zone, locating with the depth of 4,000m, it is

Scientist in order to measure the depth of the ocean use “Bomb Sounding” this is where they throw TNT into trenches and from the echo that it gives the scientist than approximate its depth. “Recent expeditions such as the HADES project in the Pacific suggest that fish are not found below 27,560 feet. But the hadal zone extends to 36,000 feet”, (Cock-Starkey 9). The development of the “DeepSea Challenger” allowed the ability for scientist to travel down the trench to collect rocks, sediments,and biological samples. Scientist from Scripps Institute Oceanography, University of Hawai’i, and Jet Propulsion Laboratory all joined in into the DeepSea Challenger setting their research on marine biology, microbiology, astrobiology, marine geology and geophysics. Living in the deepest part of ocean surfaced thoughts of marine life being non-existent because of the lethal conditions it has , but past findings of marine life as deep as 27,560 feet shook scientist. Marine adaptation has grown because of the frequent findings of marine life such as the following: Frilled Shark (5,000 ft), Giant Spider Crab (estimate 1,000 ft), Atlantic Wolffish Pair (1,600 ft), Fangtooth Fish (16,500 ft), Six-Gill Shark (8,200 ft) and etc. All these deep sea creatures have adapted to low oxygen levels and the lightless depth of the

The earth’s oceans are overfished. Nearly 80 percent of commercial fisheries are overexploited and some experts believe that global fisheries will completely collapse by 2048 (Barkin page 1). While these are just facts that tell the worst-case scenario, they should be alarms that spark change in the way we fish. This paper, however, will specifically target overfishing in the Grand Banks in Newfoundland, Canada, and analyze its impact on Earth, its Environment and Humanity. Over fishing is simply when fishermen catch more fish than are being reproduced. Eventually the stock of fish in the environment will be completely depleted. That is exactly what happened off the shores of Newfoundland in 1992. With Cod fishing at an all time high, the Canadian government discovered that the Cod population was almost exhausted. New technology and poor decision-making led to the complete destruction of the cod population in the Grand Banks and this is a mistake that we should never repeat.

The Ocean. Commonly known, as the big blue is one of the most ecologically diverse habitats on earth. It is home to 7000,000 million different species, all of which directly rely on the stability and natural habitats, which exist around the globe. In fact, over two thirds of the species living in the ocean are unknown (DNews). The industrial revolution changed the world for the better; the industrial revolution introduced hundreds of new products, which changed the way humans live. Throughout this paper we will discuss the causes and solutions to environmental degradation in the ocean.

There is nothing as influential and powerful as the concept of money. As a medium for exchange, money is value given or received in exchange for anything of value. Because money stands in place for value, why is it that gold has been the scale for evaluating money throughout history? Ted Cruz, in a Republican Presidential Debate, answered a question regarding monetary policy. He thinks “the Fed should get out of the business of trying to juice our economy and simply be focused on sound money and monetary stability, ideally tied to gold” (Cruz 2015). Cruz aligns “sound money” to gold because gold stabilizes pricing and reduces inflation percentages over the long run. The problem with

The gold sovereign consequently turned into the most astounding unit of quality, over the previous sterling cash. This change was joined by two further advancements. Initially, the supply of silver significantly expanded with the disclosure of huge stores of silver-bearing minerals in North America and Australia and the recharging of movement and fare of silver from since a long time ago settled mine operations in Mexico, South America, Germany, Spain, and Austria. Second, there was a huge extension of the white collar class in Europe, America, and Britain

In 1845, James W. Marshall arrived in the Sacramento valley of California and began living in Sutter’s fort. In 1847, he began work on the saw mill where in January of 1848 he would discover gold. When he first discovered the small pieces of gold in the American River next to his mill, he himself did believe it was real. “He picked up one and examined it attentively. He knew of but two minerals that were like it: one was sulphuret of iron, which was bright and brittle, and the other gold, which was bright, heavy and malleable. The specimen he held was bright and heavy. He tried it between two stones and found he could hammer it into different shapes without breaking it.” (Hittell 2). When Marshall told his workers of his discovery, they refused

Even though mining near hydrothermal vents is less destructive than terrestrial mining, you are still affecting the environment deep in the waters. The cutting and pumping process of the mining will spill out amounts of fine sediments into the water column which is an issue for hydrovent organisms that feed by filtering the water in their

Ocean pollution is one of the most urgent issues in our world today. The ocean is crucial to our ecosystem and it is being severely damaged at an alarmingly increasing rate. In this paper I will educate about the role the ocean plays in our beautiful Earth, why it is being so widely ignored and dismissed, the causes of pollution, and its effects on animals and humans alike.

Although the ocean covers approximately two thirds of the Earth’s surface, it is surprisingly susceptible to human influences. The effects of rubbish dumping have tainted our oceans and they have taken their toll on the vast marine environments and the populations in which they contain. Rubbish dumping involves depositing all the waste materials from factories and industries, tankers and ships and sewerage waste materials into the oceans and seas. In the report “Causes and Effects of Ocean Dumping”, the author Sharda states that “The wastes that are dumped into the oceans tend to have toxic substances which soak in all the oceanic oxygen. This

Watching television, we all see the commercials persuading people to buy and sell gold. They argue that gold is a valuable resource that will always be so. Whether this is true has been a controversial issue over many years. People debate over whether it is more beneficial to buy gold or invest money in something else. Popular financial magazines have weighed in on the debate. Whether people should invest gold or save their money is an issue people are willing to research. There are many reasons why people may want gold maybe to give to a loved one or too safe for later use and others decided whether or not gold is a good investment. People who invest in gold, not those who just invest in a small portion of their wealth, but those who truly

In our days, mining for resources is inevitable. The resources we need are valuable in everyday life. Such resources mined up are coal, copper, gold, silver, and sand. However, mining poses environmental risks that can degrade the quality of soil and water, which can end up effecting us humans if not taken care of and many of the damages are irreversible once they have occurred.

The mining industry has seen an explosive growth from the past few decades. It has played an important role in economic growth, infrastructure development and a raise in the living standard of the whole world. According to the Australian National Accounting System, the mining sector has made contributions of 9.8% GDP growth to the Australian economy between 2008 to 2009 (Australia Bureau of Statistics, 2012). However, the mining industry has caused many environmental issues such as adverse effect to air, land and water quality and continues to affect global environment as a whole. According to the World Health Organization, it evaluated that 25% of worldwide death are directly associated with environmental pollution (Blacksmith Institute, n.d). This essay will outline the environmental issue raised by the mining industry with pinpoint focus on the effects to air, water and land. It will also provide strategies for mining companies to improve the environmental conditions.