The Effects Of Developmental Milestones On The Influences Of Individual Development, Temperament And Cultural Norms

* 0 – 2 years - From birth a baby can respond to touch and sound, they will recognize a parent or a careers voice and will stare at bright shiny objects by 4 months they will vocalize by ‘cooing’ and ‘babbling’ from 6 months an infant will start to become interested in social interaction but will depend on how much time they have spent with other children. They will also have a fear of strangers and can be distressed if separated from a parent or carer, by the time they are 9 months they will recognize

Screams to get something.Points to named toys,people.Points at things when he/she wants them.Obeys simple instructions such as ‘give me your teddy’.Can build tower of two with bricks.Uses both hands to hold pencil.Can scribble.Likes to watch what is going on outside window.Curious with new people.Helps more with dressing.Chews larger pieces of food,Better usage of spoon,fork,cup.

In the initial few months babies will recognise familiar voices and faces, they will try to 'people please' and bay for attention by performing for their audience through laughter and giggles. They will enjoy playing games with others such as peek a boo.

At the age of a year to 17 month children start to get interested in looking through books for a small amount of time. They begin to follow simple directions and answer simple questions with gestures. Children this age recognise familiar objects ,people

| There are many physical developments that a child starts to develop by 6months. Some of these include; being able to turn their heads when they hear sounds or see movements, when they are being fed they can stare at the adult’s face, when they hear a familiar voice they will smile, put whatever they have into their mouth and be able to hold and shake a rattle.

A child at 18 months – The word toddler is often used as the children start to walk with a side to side movement. They start to move quickly and enjoy the freedom it gives them. They are keener to interact more and play with adults and are fascinated by other children of their own age and older like friends, brothers or sisters. They start to want their own independence as they have learnt they are separate from their carers they cry in protest if they want something and do not get it. Their language skills are still developing they can use several words and will understand a lot of what adults are saying. They do not yet know the need to share, cooperate and wait many parents take this as developing minds of their own. They can become restless and change moods quite quickly and often need to be around a familiar adult when not with their main carers.

|Months |mobile (rolling, squirming or crawling). When |disappears they still exist, so baby will look |such as dinner or bath. Babbling sounds more |play “peek-a-boo”. Prefer and will actively try |

The physical development of a baby in its first six months of life shows limited range of movement but the beginnings of an ability to respond to stimulus around them. They show their reaction to people, sounds and movement by turning their head toward whatever attracts their attention. They will watch an adult’s face whilst feeding, but have already begun to shows signs of recognition as they will smile when familiar people are around them either because they can see them

| Walking, pointing with arms, starting to dress themselves, holding light objects.Interacting with balls, climbing stairs or furniture, using crayons etc with more controlled, starting to run with confidence and feeding themselves.

Infant (0-2 years) Physical: I started crawling at age 6 months Cognitive: My first word was mama at age 8 months Social: Started recognizing my family at the age 7 months Emotional: I cried when someone else played with my stuff at age 1 year

| * Repetitive play as the baby enjoys doing something over and over again * Crying if they cannot see their parent or carer * Maybe shy around strangers

They have the ability to sense and respond to their environment quite well. Patricia Kuhl, codirector of the University of Washington Institute for learning and Brain Sciences Seattle, Washington states, “The brain of the baby is a new frontier.” Newborns begin to develop communication skills by crying to express their wants and needs to their caregivers. There are pain or discomfort cries, anger cries, and hunger cries to define how the baby is feeling. According to Crain and Dunn (2010), “The development production begins with undifferentiated cries at birth, which soon adapts so they convey different meanings to their caregivers” (p. 112).

When we are born an obvious expression we see is crying. Newborns cry when they are hungry, sleepy, uncomfortable or as a response to a loud noise. A newborn's cry expresses distress. Newborns also tend to cry when they hear other newborns cry. At 8 months infants show signs of understanding that another infant is in distress and even then the reaction looks more like interest than real concern. At 2 months infants begin social smiling; development of visual acuity and to changes in how the infant looks at people's faces; they smile in appropriate situations. Tactile cues, especially skin contact, are an important basis of bonding for everyone at some point they begin to laugh when they hear others laugh. Moro Reflex (infant startle) they tend to display it in situations

If not met key development points can be a sign of the baby could have a disorder or disease. At 4 months, the baby begins to remember faces. This ties in nicely to the second level of Maslow’s Hierarchy if the baby is in healthy conditions it can properly move to the next stage but if it is not it cannot develop more until the stage is completed.

Temperament- Each person’s unique nature, will determine how a baby reacts to others and the world.