The Effects Of Diabetes On Human Body

Type 1 is characterized by the body’s inability to produce insulin. It is caused by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which are responsible for producing insulin. There appears to be a hereditary link in people with Type 1 diabetes. Other factors have been known to cause Type 1 diabetes such as viral infections, toxins, and other environmental factors. Type 1 diabetes is the rare form, affecting about 10% of the diabetes population. Its onset usually occurs in people less than the age of 20.

Uncontrolled diabetes can affect nearly every organ of the body; of which, heart disease and kidney failure are most commonly impacted. Known as diabetes mellitus, a collective term for various blood abnormalities, the term diabetes refers to either a scarcity of insulin in the body or the body’s inability to accept insulin. Though the symptoms of diabetes are manageable, many are unaware as to having it. According to the CDC report “2011 Diabetes Fact Sheet,” approximately 6 million people in the United States have undiagnosed diabetes. Undetected, diabetes can become deadly. In a recent World Health Organization report “Diabetes Action Now: An Initiative of the World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Federation,” it

Diabetes is a disease that can lead to heart attacks, stroke, kidney failure, nerve damage, or blindness (Turkoski, 2006). It not only costs many individuals their lives, but it also causes untold emotional and physical problems for people with diabetes and their families. In addition, the cost of care associated with diabetes and the associated complications exceeds $132 billion annually.

In recent studies, Diabetes type 1 has been scientifically linked to a chronic autoimmune disorder. The immune system attacks the beta cells, in the Islets of Langerham, located in the pancreas. This leads to the insulin producing cells to be destroyed and damaged, which ultimately ends up with very limited blood glucose or no insulin production at all.

From a historical standpoint, diabetes was not always considered to be a public health issue. As with many of our modern disease, there was little known about the mechanism of diabetes when it was first discovered. The Greek physician Aretaeus first coined the term “diabetes mellitus” to refer to the sweet taste of urine that diabetics were noted to have and it wasn’t actually until 1776 when scientists measured the glucose content in a diabetic’s urine and found it to be elevated (Polonsky, 2012). Ironically, Aretaeus also wrote, that “diabetes is a remarkable affliction, one not very common among men (Laios, Karamanou, Saridaki, Androutsos, 2012). Throughout much of the 19th and 20th centuries, diabetes was still considered to be a rare condition and because so little was known, it was almost always fatal within a short time period.

Type 1 diabetes, also referred to as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) or Juvenile Diabetes, can be caused by a genetic disorder. It can occur at any age, but it is most often diagnosed in children, adolescents, or young adults around 20 years old or before a person is 30 years of age. Insulin is a hormone produced by special cells, called the beta cells, in the pancreas, an organ located in the area behind the stomach. Insulin is needed to move blood sugar (glucose) into cells, where it is stored and later used for energy. In type 1 diabetes, these cells produce little or no insulin. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells. The body is unable to

Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder, affects 9.3% of the U.S population. The prevalence is much higher in the population of age 65 or older, reaching 25.9%. It was the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S in 2010, evidenced by a total of 234,051 certificates including both underlying causes and contributing causes. Multiple factors contribute to the development of diabetes, although the exact pathogenesis is still undetermined. Patients with diabetes usually require a lifestyle change, diet modification, medication management, or even surgery to control symptoms or disease progression.

Diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune dysfunction characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from lack of insulin, lack of insulin resistance, or both with the involvement of destruction of cells known as beta cells, which produce insulin in the organ called pancreas. The pathophysiology behind this metabolic disorder is that there are two types of diabetes mellitus, Type 1 and Type 2 and are two very distinct entities. For those who predispose to Type 1 diabetes, a triggering event, possibly a viral infection which will lead to a production of autoantibodies therefore, killing the beta cells which will decline in and an ultimate lack of insulin secretion. Insulin deficiency will then occur, when a great amount of beta cells are destroyed leading to the sign of hyperglycemia, enhanced lipolysis, and protein catabolism. Having its juvenile onset it is insulin dependent. Making the pancreas secrete little or no insulin . Replacing it with synthetic insulins such as rapid acting, regular, intermediate, and long acting insulin to counteract.

Diabetes can cause several complications in the eyes. Some of those complications including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, cataract, and glaucoma. Diabetic retinopathy is a defect in the retina. Diabetic macular edema is when the macula swells. Cataract is when the lens of the eye clouds. Glaucoma is optic nerve damage (“Facts About Diabetic Eye Disease”). In the kidneys, hyperglycemia causes damage to blood vessels. The lack in effective blood vessels in the kidneys can ultimately lead to kidney failure (“Diabetic Nephropathy - Topic Overview”). As aforementioned, diabetes causes wounds to heal slower. To be more specific, there are usually foot injuries that are related to diabetes. It’s more difficult for small injuries to heal on the foot, and those small injuries can turn into ulcers (Dening). Another complication applies to the nerves. The nerves end up damaged, because the blood vessels are damages. This causes a lack of sensation in the extremities. The term for this is diabetic neuropathy (“Nervous System”). DKA stands for diabetic ketoacidosis. This is a nearly fatal condition, and it is when the cells cannot get the sugar that they need, mostly because of a high lack of insulin. As a result, muscle and fat from the body are broken down (Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Topic

Diabetes is a disease that affects the use of insulin in the body. According to the Merriam Webster Online Dictionary diabetes mellitus is a ” disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by a combination of hereditary and environmental factors and usually characterized by inadequate secretion or utilization of insulin, by excessive urine production, by excessive amounts of sugar in the blood and urine, and by thirst, hunger, and loss of weight” (“Diabetes Mellitus”). This disease not only impacts the amounts of sugar in the blood, it also has lasting effects on the rest of the body. Diabetes impacts the body and its systems negatively if the body’s blood sugar levels are not treated or maintained properly.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. Your immune system attacks healthy body tissue by mistake. In this instance, it means it attacks the cells in your pancreas. Because it constantly attacks your pancreas, it inevitably becomes damaged which means that it cannot produce insulin. This then means that glucose cannot be transferred into your bloodstream and into your cells.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that destroys beta cells, beta cells produce insulin in the the pancreas. When beta cells are destroyed It leads to lack of insulin, insulin lowers blood sugar (glucose). When immune system cells are seen it can also cause a viral infection.

Diabetes is caused when a person’s blood sugar level becomes too high. This is often described as a lifelong condition. There are two types of Diabetes within the UK; Type 1 Diabetes, where the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the cells that the body uses to produce insulin. This can develop over weeks or even days. Type 2 Diabetes occurs when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or the body’s cells do not react to insulin. Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1. Many people can suffer from type 2 Diabetes for many years without realising due to symptoms being so broad. Many people have blood sugar levels above the normal rate. This suggests that there is a risk of developing full diabetes in the future. However, sometimes it is not high enough to be diagnosed as having diabetes. This is known as pre-diabetes. It is extremely important to diagnosis diabetes as soon as possible as it progressively gets worse over time if it’s not treated (NHS.UK, 2016). There are many risk factors that can have the likelihood impact on developing diabetes, such as in males or females, food preferences, pregnancy, obesity, genetics, damaging effects and race and ethnicity. These risk factors and their trends will be discussed in depth later in this essay.

Diabetes is a major problem in our society today. Many people have heard about the disease; however, they do not know too much about its complications. Diabetes is a chronic, progressive and lifelong condition that affects the body’s ability to use the energy found in food (WebMD, 2016). Many new cases are confirmed every year and unfortunately, many go undiagnosed for years. Diabetes is a serious disease and need to be taking seriously. The disease can lead to many other health problems such as blindness, nerve damage and kidney diseases. The more the community understand and made aware of the seriousness of the disease, the better it can be control and or prevented.

Diabetes mellitus is an inherited and/or acquired endocrine metabolic disease distinguished by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) which occurs as a result of insufficient insulin levels and/or resistance to its actions in the body. It is diagnosed by determining the fasting or random blood-glucose concentration and sometimes by the oral glucose tolerance test.