The Effects Of Dyslipidemia On The Body

Dairy should not be a primary food group on the dietary guidelines set by the government because of its many negative effects on human health (given that people care about their health and the health of those around them). Dairy and other animal products are the only food sources which contain cholesterol. Arguments have been made saying that humans need to consume cholesterol in order to have a healthy balance of fats; these arguments fail to acknowledge that our bodies naturally produce all the cholesterol that it needs. And many studies have been conducted to support the theory that consumption of dietary cholesterol overloads arteries and can cause heart disease, artery disease, as well as sudden heart attacks. The Department of Community Health and Preventative Medicine at Northwestern University Medical School worked to interpret an international study based on data from the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization. The overall conclusion was that “…dietary cholesterol levels are consistently related to CHD (coronary heart disease) mortality rates” (Stamler). A study conducted by Lena Ohlsson at the Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Nutrition within the prestigious Lund University in Sweden also linked dietary cholesterol and milk fat with artery disease and other metabolic disorders. In short, the abstract of her lab report said that low-density lipoprotein (LDL)—“bad” cholesterol—was found to be directly associated with coronary artery

He has never been on any statin therapy. His most recent lipids were done in January showing total cholesterol 213, triglycerides 172, HDL 61, LDL is 118.

MR. David likewise takes atorvastatin (Lipitor); 10 mg every day, for hypercholesterolemia (hoisted LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, and raised triglycerides). He has endured this medicine and holds fast to the day by day plan. Amid the previous 6 months, he has likewise taken chromium picolinate,

Current guidelines state that ezetimibe,is considered the best alternative for LDL reduction and tolerability in statin-intolerant patients and considered an adjuvant in this trial. The primary end point was percentage change from baseline to week 12 in LDL cholesterol. Other end points included measures of safety and tolerability of different doses of AMG145 and AMG145 plus ezetimibe. Other objectives included assessment of the safety and tolerability of 3 different doses of AMG145 and AMG145 plus ezetimibe compared with placebo plus ezetimibe. One hundred sixty patients were randomized into 5 groups, to take AMG 145 as monotherapy once a month at 280mg, 320mg and 420mg, to take AMG 145 420mg once a month with ezetimibe 10mg daily or placebo once a month with ezetimibe 10mg daily. At week 12 the AMG 145 groups had a percent change of blood levels of LDL from baseline from -40.8 % to -50.7 % dose ascending monotherapy and -63.0% with combination with ezetimibe versus -14.8% with combination of placebo and ezetimibe. Reduction in total cholesterol percentwise was from -29.8 % to -37.7 % dose ascending monotherapy and -43.3% with combination with ezetimibe versus -10.7% with combination of placebo and ezetimibe. The overall incidence of all adverse effects was similar among patients receiving

statins reduce the blood cholesterol level and decrease atherosclerosis build up in the coronary arteries.

She is currently on a regimen of garlic and ezetimibe 10mg which is ineffectively treating or dyslipidemia. Ezetimibe which works by inhibiting absorption of cholesterol may only lower LDL by 10% and must be discontinued and replaced with another medication for M.T. (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist (AACE), 2017). M.T. will be assessed for liver function, renal function and potential history of family intolerance to statins. With no possible complications assessed, M.T. will be prescribed pravastatin 40mg once daily in the evening. She will be instructed to take the medication in the evening for optimum effect and to be aware of possible side effects include GI upset and muscular pain (AACE, 2017). Pravastatin will be used secondary to an increased risk of new onset diabetes with the use of statins and is less common with the use of pravastatin (AACE,

Atherosclerotic research has recently concentrated on inflammatory cytokines involved in vascular inflammation and how they stimulate the production of endothelial adhesion molecules, which could enter circulation in soluble form, and have the cytokines stimulate the production of messenger cytokine interleukin-6, which incites the liver production of acute-phase reactants such as C-reactive protein to increase. (Packard et al., 2007) In short, cytokines released into the bloodstream have a tendency to bring about an inflammatory response. Researchers have also found that that treatment with lipid-reducing agents is correlated with reduced morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease and it seems to work near the atherosclerotic lesion, causing stabilization, slowed progression and, in some cases, regression of lesions. (Blankenhorn, 1989) In research it is well know that one human risk factor for atherosclerosis is hypercholesterolemia, which is when total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are elevated. (Genis et al., 2000) There are more contributors and characteristics of hypercholesterolemia, which include inflammatory responses to oxidative stress,

Statins lower the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in people with elevated triglycerides. Many

After gathering data, it was determined that less patients in the LDL-P group suffered from a CVD event during each of the three follow ups with a total relative risk reduction of 25%. A major limitation of this study is that it focused on patients that were all on a large US commercial health plan and thus excluded those that were on different health plans, did not have insurance, or were outside of the US but could have had pertinent results that could tie into the study. Additionally, the study did not consider certain risk factors such as race or family history that could have impacted the rate of CVD events during the course of the study. Lastly, the researchers of this study did not assess patient adherence to the various lipid lowering medications which could have altered the results if medications were changed or doses were altered.11

The aim was to describe characteristics linked to the prescription of statins for primary prevention of CVD in the subjects (Jones et al., 2014). It was established that smoking, high cholesterol levels, and BMI were all connected to prescription of statins (Jones et al., 2014). The importance of this finding is to show that statin prescription has proven to lower risks of CVD and may also be effective in patients who do not have diabetes. Statins play a role in the primary prevention of CVD in elderly patients as well. Further studies will be needed to discover the benefits of statins on fatal myocardial infarction, stroke and basic causes of mortality (Teng et al., 2015). In another study that focused on a comparison of cholesterol treatment goals in men versus women, women on high statins had a lower achievement rate than men, regardless of personal goals. However, in high-risk women, a diagnosis of diabetes boosted their goal achievements (Schoen, Tabak, Salas, Scherrer, & Buckhold,

The final issue and demographic to discuss is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and senior men. This research focused on the effects in men, although CHD affects both men and woman. CHD is the leading cause of death in the US (Byrne et. al. 800). Taking Statins to reduce cholesterol is the top

Because dyslipidemia covers a broad range of lipid abnormalities and statins are widely prescribed to a broad spectrum of people (from relatively healthy, middle age to the older, very sick population with numerous comorbidities) controlling for confounding by indication in this study will be a big challenge. To mitigate this, an option will be

It would be recommended for ML to start a lipid lowering medication like a statin. The National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute recommends moderate to high intensity statins to people who fall into groups such as diabetic patients with a LDL from 70-189 (Ng, P., Toderika, & Cheng-Lai, 2016). ML would fall into this category and would most likely benefit from starting a medication such as a statin.

Thank you very much for referring John along for further investigation of likely obstructive sleep apnoea. I agree that he has a very high likelihood of obstructive sleep apnoea given his long history of snoring and waking unrefreshed despite what he perceives to be a good amount of time in bed. He has symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness in passive situations but has no trouble maintaining concentration at work in his work as a builder's labourer. Concerningly though, he is noticing some occasional drowsiness on driving home, but has never fallen asleep at the and has not been involved in any near misses or accidents. He invariably needs a sleep when he gets home from work of between an hour and an hour and

The primary principle is to detect high cholesterol early in this population of patients. Early proper treatment could result in, evading the large expense of a massive MI.