The Effects Of Extreme Abuse And Neglect Is The Development Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )

Posttraumatic stress disorder can occur after someone experiences a traumatic event. Once the mind hits the coping threshold, it is imperative to seek professional help. The VA offers evidence-based treatments, individual, group treatments, and medications. Coping mechanisms range from individual to individual, hence the need for a diverse PTSD program. Under the evidence-based treatment there are two sections: prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy. Prolonged exposure therapy is when someone continues to talk about their fears/trauma to gain control of feelings associated with those fears. The cognitive processing therapy is to understand the feelings associated with trauma and finding a way to replace negative feelings with positive

Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder is possible. The current treatment of PTSD encompasses several types of psychotherapy combined with a medication regimen. Cognitive therapy is one type of therapy used to combat PTSD. The goal of cognitive therapy is to allow the patient to slowly experience feelings, thoughts, and events associated with the trauma in a controlled setting. This allows the PTSD sufferer, to categorize the traumatic feelings associated with the event and assign a more positive meaning to them. Thus providing a coping mechanism. Another school of thought places the therapeutic focus on gradually exposing the PTSD sufferer to elements of the trauma. The goal is to desensitize the patient to the traumatic event. This allows the patient to resume a normal life. One other form of therapy used in treatment of PTSD is EMDR. EMDR or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing is a form of exposure therapy that places the emphasis on guided eye movements. The theory is that the movements help retrain how the brain reacts to memories of the traumatic event. Success has

It is estimated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human services that one million children are victims of child abuse and neglect in the U.S every year. This number may be an underrepresentation however, as many cases are unreported. Children who experience trauma in early childhood years or adolescence have impacts that follow them throughout adulthood. The common effects include relationship attachment issues, mental disorders, substance abuse, increased

Compared to both pharmaceuticals and other forms of psychotherapy, EMDR has proven to be effective in the treatment of PTSD (Shapiro, 2002). There have been approximately twenty controlled studies that proved this (Shapiro, & Laliotis, 2010). EMDR has been recommended as a first line of treatment including by the American Psychiatric Association (Shapiro, & Laliotis, 2010). EMDR uses bilateral stimulation such as auditory tones, tactile taps and

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that may develop after an exposure to a terrifying event in which physical harm occurred or was threatened. Usually, the anxiety may be brought on by an “exposure to an actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violence “(American Psychiatric Association, 2013, pg. 271). Only recently have children and youth been deemed to have experienced PTSD and usually undergo therapy, medication and various treatment options to minimize the impact PTSD has on one’s life. Throughout this paper, I will be discussing the development of the disorder, how PTSD symptoms differ in children, treatment options, and a clinical case example.

The literature has shown children dealing with PTSD have many intervention tools that can be administered by clinicians in direct practice. PTSD can present symptoms that are often diagnosed as anther disorder such as oppositional defiant, conduct, mild TBI, and separation anxiety. There are many evidence-based intervention tools used in treatment such as recovery techniques, pharmacotherapy, psychoeducation, psychodynamic and cognitive behaviour therapy. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is the most used intervention tool in direct practice, and it is used in countries around the world. CBT is used with children with different ethnicities with ages ranging from preschool to high school. Many clinicians use CBT with other intervention treatment

After a traumatic experience, it is typical to feel startled, restless, and disengaged. It can seem as if a person/patient can never get over what happened or feel typical again. However, by looking for treatment, connecting for help, and growing new adapting abilities, the patient can overcome PTSD and proceed onward with life. PTSD does not just come from combat experiences, this disorder can come from many things such as, serious motor vehicle crashes, natural disasters, robberies, hostage situations, and also rape, to name a few. “In the United States, physical assault is the most common stressor causing PTDS in women, while military combat is the most common PTSD stressor in men. People directly affected by the events of 9/11 or by hurricane Katrina in Louisiana and Mississippi in September 2005 might develop PTSD, though fortunately most people do not” (Group, 2006). While PTSD falls greatly amongst the adult and older adult age groups, PTSD in children may trigger the onset of learning disabilities, self-mutilation or other destructive behaviors, sleep terrors, and a variety of conduct disorders. Children may also develop abnormally close attachments to their primary caretakers or other dependency behaviors in their attempts to cope with the traumatic experience (Jacqueline N. Martin, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on and

The premise of the article is that cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective and safe intervention process for both acute and chronic post- traumatic stress disorder following a wide range of traumatic experiences in children, and adolescents. The article entitled “Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a review” (Kar, 2011), is accurately reflected by its content along with information that is being presented throughout the article. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric sequel to a stressful event or situation of an exceptionally catastrophic or even threatening event. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been used in the management of PTSD for many years; it originally was used

Many treatments include; Prolonged Exposure Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Group Therapy, Couple and Family Therapy, Psychopharmacological Treatment, and Psychosocial Rehabilitation. As stated by the VA, “the following treatments for PTSD work: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), such as Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) and Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and Medications called Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

EMDR is another evidence-based therapy for trauma including PTSD. EMDR is a comprehensive method that helps adaptive information processing, and it consists of eight phases to address and reprocess traumatic memories and relieve psychological stress. The eight components of EMDR comprise of “client history, preparation, assessment, desensitization, installation, body scan, closure, and reevaluation” (Shapiro & Laliotis, 2010). Researchers conduct studies and examine the efficiency of EMDR for trauma treatment. According to Francine Shapiro (2014), the article stated that all randomized studies and clinical reports associated with EMDR therapy for psychological and somatic disorders are reviewed, and components of EMDR are evaluated as well, the evidences showed that EMDR is beneficial for improvement of negative emotions, beliefs, and physical sensations resulted from adverse life experiences. Similarly, researchers recruited 36

EMDR was introduced into the field of psychology by a psychologist named Shapiro (Shapiro, 2007). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a recent psychotherapy treatment that has slowly began to be used increasingly more. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing begins with the therapist meeting with the client. They will assess the client and the client’s goals. EMDR is often used with people who have suffered a traumatic event or have PTSD (GoodTherapy.org, n.d.). The goal of EMDR then, is to asses what stressor the client suffers and to use the treatment to alleviate the trauma. The client and therapist will go over the memory of the event, discussing triggers and

Prochaska & Norcross explains that EMDR has not been studied thoroughly with other behavioral disorder beyond PTSD and insufficient data makes it difficult to determine its effectiveness in other domains (2014, p. 211).

In response to the fellow clinician who believes that EMDR would be a good treatment for PTSD, I would first tell him or her that I would be hesitant to use EMDR despite evidence showing its effectiveness. However, I will first agree that EMDR is an empirically supported treatment. There are experiments that have demonstrated that eye movements and other dual tasks have resulted in memory change. More specifically, eye movements and other dual tasks have been shown to decrease the vividness and emotionality of unpleasant and traumatic memories (van den Hout & Engelhard, 2012). This suggests that traumatic memories in PTSD sufferers can be faded and emotionally detached as a result of eye movements.

EMDR therapy involves eight phases which are designed to help patients reconfigure their trauma associated memories by reducing the negative emotions or thoughts linked with these memories and replacing them with positive ones causing the brain to process the memory in a new way (EMDR Institute, Inc., 2017). Although EMDR can seem to be a lengthy process, the actual therapy session is quite simple. The first step of EMDR enables the therapist to gather history on the patient, and the second step preps the patient with tools to manage the difficult emotions that may arise during treatment (EMDR Institute, Inc., 2017). The actual therapy session takes place in the third through sixth phases. During therapy, the patient will recall a memory related

Another effective treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, nicknamed EMDR. This treatment is classified highly by most practice guidelines and tends to have positive results. EMDR revolves around the idea that saccadic eye movements (rapid eye movement) have the ability to diminish the trauma’s emotional significance by reprogramming brain function. The patient continually thinks about the traumatic event while the clinician performs rapid movement with their fingers in front of their eyes (Friedman, 2015).