The Effects Of Genetic Engineering On The Intelligence Of Humans With Adhd

DNA are like legos, they work together to build the traits of living things. They are the building blocks of the body. Many scientists today have been figuring out different ways to manipulate, change, add, and subtract genes from the DNA in living things; this is process is called genetic engineering. Some of the living things being experimented on are live people, plants, and animals. Today scientists are debating on the morals of genetic engineering due to what the community thinks of it, because of the christian 's viewpoint of genetic engineering. To some christians it may pose a threat to their, but to others it may be a blessing or a gift. Genetic Engineering is a growing breakthrough in the science community. “Over the last 30 years, the field of genetic engineering has developed rapidly due to the greater understanding of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as the chemical double helix code from which genes are made. The term genetic engineering is used to describe the process by which the genetic makeup of an organism can be altered using “recombinant DNA technology.” This involves the use of laboratory tools to insert, alter, or cut out pieces of DNA that contain one or more genes of interest.”(Pocket K No. 17) Scientist have yet to unlock the full potential of genetic engineering, but the information and the use they have found for it today has reached farther than anyone 's expectations.

The idea for genetically modifying the embryos of humans came along a very long time ago, back in 1993, but since then the technological side of this has exploded. The first genetic

The first recombinant DNA created Herb Boyer and Stanley Cohen; they took a gene from African clawed toad Xenopus and put it into bacterial DNA. Gene splicing gained prominence in 1973 due to this event. The reason genetic recombination is possible is because DNA molecules from all organisms have the same chemical structure. In order to attain the desired molecule restriction enzymes are used to chemically cut the DNA. Boyer and Cohen’s success led to gene splicing being used to cure or eliminate diseases and create glowing bunny rabbits.

I am against the costly, stressful, and unethical practice of altering genetics to improve human intelligence, as imagined in Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes. To illustrate, at the beginning of the passage Charlie journals what Dr. Strauss explains, “…that he will be the first human beeng ever to have his intelijence trippled by surgicle meens.” (287) This means the operation is risky and per the New York Times, “Depending on the area of the brain where cranial procedures will be performed, serious risks like changes or loss in the functions of vision, mobility, speech, memory, coordination, and more can be permanent.” Charlie Gordon was pioneering an experimental research project in electing to undergo his procedure in the fictitious

It is incredible to see how far genetic engineering has come. Humans, plants, and any living organism can now be manipulated. Scientists have found ways to change humans before they are even born. They can remove, add, or alter genes in the human genome. Making things possible that humans (even thirty years ago) would have never imagined. Richard Hayes claims in SuperSize Your Child? that genetic engineering needs to have limitations. That genetic engineering should be used for medical purposes, but not for “genetic modification that could open the door to high-tech eugenic engineering” (188). There is no doubt that genetic engineering can amount to great things, but without limits it could lead the human race into a future that no one

Genetic engineering is currently the fastest growing and perhaps most controversial field of science. Genetic engineering is decoding and manipulating DNA to use for scientific and medical purposes. "The discovery that human cells can be grown in a petri dish has opened up breathtaking possibilities for curing disease - and a morass of ethical complications" (Allen 9).

The first experimentation with genes was in the mid-1800s, with Gregor Mendel and his experiment with pea plants. At first, his research wasn’t too impressive, but in the 1900s, his work became the foundation for research on genes going forward. In 1944, it was discovered that DNA was responsible for carrying genetic information from one generation to the next. Recombinant DNA technology was invented in the 1970s, which allowed for moving a section of DNA from one cell and transferred into another. Cloning became a strong topic of discussion in the 1980s, and in 1986, a sheep was successfully cloned in the United Kingdom. Also in the 1980s, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that genetically modified organisms could be patented, which led to the oil company Exxon producing their own oil-consuming microorganism designed to clean up after oil spills. The FDA approved a genetically modified vaccine for humans in 1986, which was used to prevent Hepatitis B. By the year 2000, research facilities were able to successfully produce genetically modified chickens, cows, pigs, and sheep. The strong genes that were used to modify animals became known as designer genes (Michaels 3-7).

Scientific research holds vast propensities for advancement. Recently, the genetic modification of organisms has been a topic for debate among professionals and the general public alike. For instance, some value the benefits of modifying foods to contain greater nutritional benefits, yield larger crop sizes, and have resistance to many diseases. Alternatively, others fear the undetermined risks for consuming scientifically altered organisms long-term, and deem the act of tampering with the makeup of living things unethical. Even more controversial, is the modern idea of using genetic modification techniques to create smarter organisms, largely, humans. Advances in scientific research—particularly in the field of neuroscience—make this argument not only possible, but entirely plausible and more attainable than ever before. Thus, it is important to become educated on the topic and explore both sides of the argument prior to making this prospect a reality. This paper argues that it is beneficial for researchers to generate smarter living organisms through genetic modification based on the biological, social, and ethical benefits that arise from the act.

The discovery of DNA in the 1950’s has spawned a huge growing biomedical and biotechnological industry. Within a few decades of the DNA’s discovery, scientists have successfully manipulated DNA by inserting new genes into organisms, ranging from bacterium to primates, as well as cloned different species as complex as sheep. These breakthroughs have demonstrated the power of this knowledge and the wondrous possibilities that this knowledge can unlock.

This success is incredibly impressive considering the fact that efficient, simple methods to genetically modify DNA, such as CRISPR-Cas9, were not yet discovered and the first ever success with genetic engineering of human genes was not too long before the 1990’s.

SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF GENETIC STUDY OF INTELLIGENCE: Throughout history racism has been centered on phenotypic differences between races such as skin color. Also, there was a multitude of false information that was created by racism, for example, the claim that certain races have the predisposition to be less intelligent than others. In 1994, Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray published The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life. This controversial bestseller differences between races and classes were the result of differences in inherited intelligence which could not be changed. This has caused many people in the scientific community to question if the study of intelligence can remain societally neutral. Roberts

There are an increased number of possibilities for enhancing human performance. Some performances that can advance industries in which create or provide solutions for society. According to the article, James Pethokoukis, prepared, "With the proliferation of plastic surgery, for example, or the use of Ritalin by achievement-crazed students hoping to score better on the SAT, enhancement seems to be the wave of the future. Even Bush's Department of Commerce appears to be buying into it. In a 2002 joint report with the National Science Foundation (coauthored by Bainbridge among others), the agency recommended a national research-and-development effort to enhance humanity in order to create a world where human brains communicate directly with machines, and scientists "control the genetics of humans" to make bodies "more durable, healthier . . . and more resistant to many kinds of stress, biological threats, and aging processes." If successful, the effort will "create a golden age that would be a turning point for human productivity and quality of life(62-63)." This excerpt has provided evidence of the beginning of super enhancments of the human being. Although experts envision this era in biotechnology as a promising progression towards total control. There may be more to the process than is

In 1990, the science world began a vigorous new exploration of human DNA- the Human Genome Project. The goal of this project was to map out all the human genes (An Overview of, 2015), which ultimately led to a deeper understanding of all genes, not just a human’s. This deeper understanding also helped scientists to progress further in the technology of recombinant DNA. Recombinant DNA is when DNA from different cells is spliced together, creating a new strand (Kuure-Kinsey, 2000). Recombinant DNA is often used to genetically change a cell, which is known as genetic engineering. Genetic engineering can be used to prevent and alleviate symptoms of various diseases, by pinpointing and fixing the gene that causes them. It enables organisms to

with a lambda virus, by following the scientific method and claiming intellectual property (Jackson, David A., Robert H. Symons, and Paul Berg, 1972). Once it was discovered that genetic modification could occur, the first genetically modified organisms were produced by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1973.

Genetic Modifications have been around for thousands of years, termed as ‘selective breeding’ or ‘articfial selection’. This method was simply taking the desired traits of an organism and mating them with the intention of combing these traits through their offspring. Until around 1973, a massive breakthrough in Genetic Engineering came from two scientists named Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen. These two scientists