The Effects Of Guava And Olive Leaf Extracts On Doxorubicin Induced Toxicity

The extracts and polyphenols suppressed cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, modulated signaling transduction, inhibited cell invasion, and prevented angiogenesis and metastasis in animal models related to multiple types of cancer such as liver, bladder, prostate, intestine, colon, pancreas, and mammary gland in more than one hundred publications (Yang & Wang, 2010; de Moura et al., 2013). Green tea has been studied expansively for its cancer prevention effects which are believed to be associated with green tea polyphenols known as "catechins (-)-epigallocatchin-3gallate (EGCG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), and (-)-epigallocatechin (EC)...they each have a level of antioxidants and are strong metal ion chelators, which prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)" (Yang & Wang, 2010, p. 931; Ziech et al., 2012). Further research has revealed that high concentration levels are necessary to accomplish this, and adding other agents such as Atrovastatin, a drug used to lower cholesterol, increase success (Yang & Wang, 2010). EGCG has demonstrated the most success because it "serves an antioxidant, or pro-oxidant, and

Emerging evidence indicates that free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis of several digestive system disorders as well as in the regulation of biological processes such as aging. Previous reports have indicated that opioids induce apoptosis via stimulating an oxidative stress pathway that is associated with the production of superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) [11]. NO, together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), has a pivotal role in the regulation of apoptosis and necrosis in various cells. Hsiao et al. investigated the role of NO and ROS in the morphine-induced apoptosis. They found that the morphine treatment enhanced apoptosis through both NO and ROS pathways [12]. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme is one of the most important enzymes involved in the generation of NO from the amino acid L-arginine.

Urate hydroperoxide inactivated GAPDH in a dose-dependent manner. The ratio of urate hydroperoxide to inactivated GAPDH was ~6:1. When I reduced GAPDH with DTT I recovered half of the activity. In comparison, taurine chloramine inactivated GAPDH at ratio ~10:1 and all the activity was recovered with DTT. My results suggest urate hydroperoxide permanently inactivates GAPDH. Future work will investigate urate hydroperoxide inactivation of other thiol-dependent enzymes. My research furthers our understanding of the pro-oxidant effects of urate. Urate hydroperoxide links hyperuricemia, oxidative stress and inflammatory

Panax notoginseng, a root of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen, has been traditionally used as either functional food or herbal medicine. Previous studies show that Panax notoginseng is used in cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, pains, and bleeding (Ng, 2006; Wang et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2014). In cancer prevent and therapy research, Panax notoginseng is beneficial to the prevention and treatment on colon, liver and breast cancer (Chen et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2007; Toh et al., 2011; He et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2012 ). Although, Chen et al. (2006) have been show that Panax notoginseng can suppress liver metastasis of C57BL/6 mice. And, a ginsenoside from Panax notoginseng, 20(S)-25-methoxyldammarane-3b,

Also, with increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus in rural population throughout the world and due to adverse side effects of synthetic medicine, there is a real need for development of indigenous, inexpensive botanical sources for anti-diabetic crude or purified drugs for treatment of disease [5].The toxic level of the drug is assessed for fixing efficient drug dosage which is nontoxic without any mortality. The effective drug dosage (LD50) is considered for further Biochemical parameter studies using Wistar rats [Ref - HINDAWI].

Although herbs were once the only source of medication available, they may become the future of preventative treatment for Cardiovascular disease. Like everything else in the human body, the Cardiovascular System starts to age, with age comes complications, and sometimes even disease. This journal focuses on the prevention of these diseases by simply using herbs. To elaborate on this, lets first look into what the Cardiovascular System is. The Cardiovascular System is responsible for the moving and removing waste products from the body. Included in this system are blood, blood vessels, and mainly the heart. Some things focused on in this article are the Ethical considerations, the outcome, and the risks of this study.

However, due to its high cost and probable side-effects, alternative therapy is now seriously being sought for. Some most recently -studied medications are isoflavones. These are phytoestrogens, i.e. plant compounds, whose phenolic ring is similar to 17β-estradiol and that can bind to the estrogen receptor with a decreased affinity (4). Results of several studies have shown the beneficial effects of isoflavones on tHcy level (5-7), although others did not observe any changes (8-11). In the case of lipid level, some studies reported favorable effect (12, 13). However, a study in Bangladesh revealed that the dietary formononetin, one specific type of phytoestrogens, had no advantageous effect in reducing CVD risks in menopausal women (11).

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic that has been widely used in the treatment of several types of cancer, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, thyroid, Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, breast, soft tissue and osteogenic sarcomas, genitourinary and bronchogenic carcinomas [8, 9]. This drug interact with double helix of DNA and the anthracycline moiety in cancer cells and inhibite the replication and transcription of DNA [10]. However, the clinical use of doxorubicin is limited by accumulative dose dependent irreversible chronic cardiomyopathy, this can lead to congestive heart failure, with an ultimate mortality rate of 20-40% [11]. Therefore, sensitive determination of DOX in human fluids such as blood serum and

The importance of oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced toxicity was documented by several studies which found that the drug was able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion and

Moreover, oxysterols exert different effects when applied separately or in a mixture. For example, the mixture of 7β-HC and 25-HC had anti-apoptotic effects compared to the application of solely 7β-HC (Aupeix et al., 1995). Congruently with the cell-specific manner of oxysterols action, this effect was seen in U-937, but not in HC-60 monocytic cell lines and also in other studies (Biasi et al., 2004; Larsson et al., 2006). Therefore, studies on dietary-representative combination of oxysterols would be more informative (Biasi et al., 2013).

The pro-oxidant effects of urate could be the link between hyperuricemia and inflammatory disease, yet the mechanism is poorly understood. In humans urate builds up in our serum from dietary purine. Urate is an antioxidant of reactive oxygen species, yet, high serum urate (hyperuricemia) is associated with gout, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. The link between hyperuricemia and inflammatory disease is oxidative stress. Urate acts as a pro-oxidant by generating reactive oxygen species and promoting the oxidation of LDL. Urate’s switch from antioxidant to pro-oxidant could be concentration dependent, ergo the ‘dose makes the poison’.

In vivo: The effects of DDMS on the mean arterial pressure and renal blood flow responses to infusion of an NO donor and a synthase inhibitor were also examined. It was found that infusion of MAHMA NONOate at 1, 3, 5, and 10 nmol/min

Rosa laevigata Michx is a well-known medicinal plant, and it has been widely used in China for a long time. Previous studies revealed that the total flavonols fraction from the Rosa laevigata Michx has potent antioxidant, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective and antithrombotic activities through attenuating inflammation, suppression of apoptosis and altering mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways (114). Another study showed that Rosa laevigata Michx significantly ameliorates renal dysfunction in diabetic rats (115). The protection involves increasing the activity of SOD and total anti-oxidant capacity, decreasing the levels of MDA and ROS, and inhibiting the expression of NF-κB p65 and MCP-1 at both the protein and mRNA levels with an increase in the expression of the IκBα protein (115).

The involvement of oxidative stress in cancer development and promotion is considered by many cancer researchers. The cause of oxidative stress may be an overproduction of ROS or insufficient antioxidant capacity (29). Thus, in this study we determined the enzymatic activities of ARE and AChE along with MDA and TAC levels in the patients with breast cancer. In the current study, the erythrocytic AChE activity was significantly lower in MBT compared to the control group (P = 0.003) . There was no significant difference between the BBD and control groups, as well as, MBT and BBD groups. Some studies have presented the involvement of AChE in oxidative stress that supports our results . Molochkina et al . documented ROS mediated inhibition of

Herbal medicines are great alternative for commercially manufactured medicines available in the market. The major reason why herbal medicine differ from modern medicine is because they are produced with 100% natural content. Therefore the plant extract has all the medicinal values that are as effective as modern medicine. Commercially prepared drugs show results quickly but have numerous side effects. However herbal medicines don’t show any side