The Effects Of Icteric Leptospirosis With Renal Failure

Today in medicine doctors are rapidly isolating and distinguishing the many pathogenic microbes encountered daily within the environment. Public health has been affected from the faster identification of microorganisms by delivering an accurate analysis to patients in order to receive treatment of the disease in a timely manner. Due to the growing understanding of these organisms more have been easier to indicate to improve water quality. Also more methods have been developed for better treatment options from fecal bacteria in public water systems. Scientist has developed such specific methods of identifying the unknown organism to tell if the contamination has come from either a human, bird, or mammal. (Achtman et al., 2008)

Animal or zoophilic infections are usually periodic and restricted to the areas where the host animal is found. Microsporum canis, the cat and dog ringworm, is the commonest of the zoophilic infections worldwide and spread occurs directly from an infected animal and, probably, from contaminated furniture, floors and carpets in the home environment. I contrast, Anthropophilic dermatophytes are more common in the community. In some cases there is evidence to support the existence of localized epidemics of

Unsanitary living environments for the animals can cause outbreaks to occur in the factories, which may put animal’s health at greater risk. According to an article written by Bradley S. Miller, “By ignoring traditional animal husbandry methods

The disease was caused by rats and rat fleas but, also from human to human by breathing the same air. Scientists know that the bacillus travels from person to person, through

An outbreak has not occurred in a long time and hopefully it will remain that way with the addition of new technology and medicine in the health department, much research and observing previous cases and more knowledge spread to those who are susceptible to the disease. It dates back many years, and is still present today. This means the number of rats, in every city, needs to be maintained and carefully watched. We need to be more cautious of cleanliness within our homes and public areas as to not attract

Interdisciplinary work is crucial for tackling NTDs because it provides various areas of study to enact and treat tropical diseases, while also considering other perspectives. In the video "The One Health Initiative", it is mentioned that infectious diseases are zoonotic, foodborne, vectorborne, and waterborne. With these diseases emerging from varying sources, it is essential to have support for all areas of tropical disease. The speaker in The One Health Initiative video also cited the 2008 ASM meeting, where the disciplines of veterinary practice and human health found many connecting links in diseases between animals and humans. I believe that different educational backgrounds that treat already diseases have much more power in union, than

The disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. It is mainly found in small rodents like rats and it can be spread to human through flea bites or via close contact with infected rodents or human.

Diseases such as Feline Panleucopenia have been used on islands in efforts to control cat populations. It works either by direct transmission or by persisting in the environment and then is acquired

How the disease was transmitted was further looked on by Nelson (1995). According to the said author, the disease was transmitted primarily by fleas and rats. The stomachs of the fleas were infected with bacteria known Y. Pestis. Nelson held that “the bacteria would block the "throat" of infected fleas so that no blood could reach their stomachs, and they grew ravenous since they were starving to death” (1995, par. 14). The bacteria would then attempt to suck up blood from their victims, only to disgorge it back into their preys' bloodstreams (Nelson, 1995). Now, however, the victims' blood was mixed with Y. Pestis. Fleas infected rats in this fashion, and the rats spread the disease to other rats and fleas before dying (Nelson, 1995). Without rodent hosts, the fleas then migrated to the bodies of humans and infected them in the same fashion as they had the rats .

Wolves are carriers of the lupine parvovirus (LPV), and it is suggested that the virus is responsible for lycanthropy. LPV infected wolves are resistant to environmental trauma, including digestive enzymes, making it much easier to spread through contaminated food and water sources. Wolves infect humans through biting and after infection, there is a period of high fever, chills and other flu-like symptoms, and the victim is likely to experience extreme dehydration and itching as their metabolism and heart rate increase (Hugo Pecos and Robert Lomax

3 Cherath, Lata, and Rebecca J. Frey. "Leprosy." The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, edited by Jacqueline L. Longe, 5th ed., Gale, 2015. Science in

. This bacteria can be contracted from both humans and animals because of the different toxins that this bacteria releases. This bacteria can be contracted from food and soil. Eating contaminated

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection with worldwide distribution. It can affect most mammals (Bharti and others 2003) but some species seem more susceptible, such as the dog and the human. It is a spirochaete infection and the infecting organism was traditionally identified by serological testing, however, modern methods using DNA hybridisation have been developed although many of these only allow identification to the species level (Jung and others 2015). The two most common serovars (L. canicola and L. icterohaemorrhagiae) have been the basis of leptospirosis vaccination in dogs for many years. There is now serological evidence of exposure to a much wider range of serovars including L. Grippotyphosa, L. Australis and L. Sejroe (Ellis 2010).

Typhoid fever is an intestinal illness, which can result in great suffering and even death. At first it was commonly confused with other fever causing illnesses until 1869 when William Jenner performed a careful analysis and found differences in the different types of typhus fevers. In this paper, I will discuss the bacteria that causes typhoid fever, discuss the signs, symptoms, method of transmission, past and current epidemics, and whether or not there has been a decrease in outbreaks in the past few years.

Because improvements in nutrition and sanitation have been made, many epidemics have ended. As longevity of life increases, chronic diseases have taken the place of infectious disease as the leading cause of death. The different modes of transmission, disease development, and disease spectrum are all important factors to consider when studying the transmission of communicable diseases. It is also important to know about emerging infectious diseases. It is important to be aware of these diseases so that signs of these symptoms can be easily recognizable to provide the best patient care.