The Effects Of Malaria On Children On A Malaria Endemic Region Of A Rural Amazonian Community Essay

Malaria is a very contagious parasite transmitted through mosquitoes to humans. Those at risk are individuals living in areas conducive to the breeding of mosquitoes, especially those that allow the mosquitoes to complete their growth cycle. Everyone is at risk

Malaria has been in existence for thousands of years. Many historical records show that it has affected human civilization greatly by plaguing and causing mass death. The earliest record can be traced back to 2700 BC in China (Cox, 2002). It has been long associated with swamps and insects for hundreds of years but often believed to be the air from swamps causing the plague. The term malaria rooted from two Italian words ‘mala’ and ‘aria’ which literally means bad air. Humanity did not know the true nature of the long thought disease until 1894 when a Scottish physician, Sir Ronald Ross, discovered that it was actually the parasite in mosquito that is causing the malaria.

Malaria has been a major life-threatening disease for thousands of years, and continues to threaten millions of lives around the world. It infects approximately 219 million people each year, mostly poor women and children. What is striking about malaria is the fact that it has the worse effect on those with the least ability to fight the disease. The Republic of Cuba believes that malaria prevention, treatment, and research efforts must be accelerated to eliminate the burden of this disease across Africa, Asia, the Americas, and any country or territory at risk of malaria transmissions.

Brian, G, Y., Greenwood, D, A., Fidock, Dennis, E, K., Stefan, H, I. Kappe, P., Alonso, L., Frank, H and Collins, P (2008) “Malaria progress and prospects for eradication.” Journal Clinical Investiment. 118: 1266-1276.

Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than any other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five hundred million adults and children (around nine percent of the world’s population) contract the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the world’s cases occur and where eighty percent of the cases

Aim - To explore the impacts Malaria has on citizens of developing countries which are effect by the disease.

Malaria is a disease that affects nearly 600 million people and causes more than a million deaths a year, the most coming from children under five. This disease is regularly found in more than 100 countries around the world and affects 40% of the world’s population. It is most commonly transmitted by an infected Anopheles mosquito. The most deadly form of malaria is known as Plasmodium falciparum because almost all deaths from malaria are caused by this specific one. Some of the symptoms that are affiliated with this strand of malaria are the destruction of red blood cells along with complications with the kidneys, lungs, and brain. In more serious cases, it can cause permanent neurological effects and even death. As the Nobel Assembly said at the announcement of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, “Diseases caused by parasites have plagued humankind for a millennium and constitute a major global health problem. In particular, parasitic diseases affect the world’s poorest populations and represent a huge barrier to improving human health and wellbeing”. Youyou Tu, one of the winners of the prize, discovered Artemisinin, “a drug that has significantly reduced the mortality rates for patients suffering from malaria by killing the malaria parasites an early stage of their development.”

First of all, an increase in the use of insecticide-treated bed nets has reduced malaria. Approximately 60% of children under age five and 55% of pregnant women now sleep under mosquito nets, up from only 9 per cent in 2001. Nearly 3 million nets were retreated with insecticide in 2005. In addition, treatments for malaria are becoming more accessible. The Malawi Ministry of Health’s National Malaria Control Program has been able to scale up the distribution of artemisinin-based combination therapies and intermittent preventive treatment for pregnant women. Because of all the prevention efforts and treatments, the incidence of Malaria has decreased over time. For example, Malaria incidence in 2015 was 386 per 1000 population representing a 20% reduction from 484 per 1000 in 2010. Also, the number of deaths due to Malaria has lessened from 5.6% to 3.4% in 2004 and 2009. Eventually, malaria will no longer one of the biggest killers in

Malaria has been a huge problem among many developing nations over the past century. The amount of people in the entire world that die from malaria each year is between 700,000 and 2.7 million. 75% of these deaths are African children (Med. Letter on CDC & FDA, 2001). 90% of the malaria cases in the world are located in Sub-Saharan Africa. Once again, the majority of these deaths are of children (Randerson, 2002). The numbers speak for themselves. Malaria is a huge problem and needs to be dealt with immediately.

Engulfing the Congo and the Sub-Saharan regions of the African peninsula, a new threat has emerged; lying below the mucky surface of a deforested plain, a killer has taken root. At risk is half of the world’s population who reside in the 106 countries and territories that are prone to plasmodium falciparum transmission. Who is this killer? Anopheles gambiae complex, which has devastated the African region acting as a vector for the parasite plasmodium falciparum, more commonly referred to as malaria. Why has a parasite that is responsible for approximately half of all recorded deaths relatively unheard of in Western civilization? The answer lies with the deforestation and non-sustainable practices that plague the African union.

Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest risk of death in the first month of life and is among the regions showing the least progress. However, Sub-Saharan Africa has seen a faster decline in its under-five mortality rate, with the annual rate of reduction doubling between 1990–2000 and 2000–2011. s of Death One of the major causes of under-five mortality is neonatal sepsis. In 2010, 15% of newborn deaths in Africa can be attributed to infections related to the delivery process. In sub-Saharan Africa, care-seeking for pneumonia has improved from 36% in 2000 to 46% in 2010 for rural areas, and from 49% to 52% in urban areas. Diarrhoea causes about 11% of under-five deaths worldwide with nine-tenths of these deaths occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa. Use of Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS), one of the three key interventions for diarrhoea, has increased from 24% of children in sub-Saharan Africa receiving ORS in 2000 to 30% in 2011. In 2011, Malaria accounted for a loss of nearly 500,000 lives of children under-five in the world with almost all of the deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2000, only 2% of children under-five in Africa slept under Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs), this number increased dramatically to 38% in 2010. Tanzania, Niger, and Mali have increased ITN use to over 60%. 165 million children under 5 are stunted (low height for age) in their growth due to poor nutrition during the first 1,000 days of life. Stunting rates in sub-Saharan Africa have decreased from 47% in 1990 to 40% in 2011, yet the prevalence is still high. Exclusive breastfeeding is a critical part of improving child survival and development. Sub-Saharan Africa has seen increases from 21% in 1995 to 33% in 2010 of infants under six months who are exclusively breastfed. The largest threat of maternal mortality occurs during labor, birth, and the 24

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female mosquitoes. Malaria can cause diarrhea, fatigue, pain, and vomiting.Malaria affects more people in Colombia that the United States. Malaria is one of the most serious health problem in Colombia. A lot of people in Colombia are at risk for Malaria because 85%% of the Colombian rural territory is at an altitude less than 1,600 m above sea level, which is a condition suitable for malaria transmission. In Colombia from 1990 to 1991 the number of reported cases was 2,964,818. In the United States Malaria is not a high risk disease as it was eliminated in the 1950’s. Between 1957 and 2015, in the United States, 63 outbreaks

A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in children less than 10 years old, as well as their mothers in rural areas of the Colombian Amazon, in order to assess the current

About 3.3 billion people, that is about half of the world’s population are at risk of contracting malaria (figure 1). Every year there are 250 million cases of malaria, and nearly 1 million deaths. That amounts to 2,732 deaths per day. Out of those million people that die every year, 800,000 of them are African children under the age of 5. To control malaria three actions need to be taken: insecticides need to be used to decrease the vector population, people have to be educated as to how to prevent the vector from reproducing, and anti-malarial drugs need to be distributed. To understand the vector and what the vector is, scientists had to first discover what the parasite was and how it worked. It was not until the year 1880 that French Physician Charles Laveran discovered that Malaria was caused by a protozoan in the genus Plasmodium (Malaria, 2013)

Malaria is one of the ten most common, yet deadly diseases in the world. It is a parasitic disease spread by the bite of Anopheles mosquito, which is active between dusk and dawn. Malaria occurs in over 100 countries and territories.