Before sound recording were possible, music was enjoyed live by watching the performers performing on their instruments in front of you. When sound recording became possible, the way we enjoy music was not limited to watching the performers anymore. By looking at the development of sound reproduction and the devices that are capable of sound playback, we are able to take a look at look on how the production and consumption of music have been affected over the years in terms of portability, affordability and how it affects the music industry. Reproduction of sound has come a long way, dating all the way back to 1855 where French inventor Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville invented the phonautograph. Even though the phonautograph was not capable of doing a playback of what was recorded, it set the path for sound recording. (Crane, 2015) However, the credit for the records and gramophone that we use today goes to American Inventor Emil Berliner. Despite the innovation, the gramophone did not became commercially popular when it was first invented. It was only until the end of 1897 that the first commercially manufactured disc record appeared in the United States and made the gramophone popular as a mean of entertainment. (Read, 1952) Records then began to be mass produced and distributed for different occasions. Katz (2004) noted: “True, mass-reproduced art does lack temporal and physical uniqueness, yet reproductions, no longer bound to the circumstances of their creation, many
1. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the phonograph, thought it would be useful as a
After reading"The Incredible Talking Machine","History Of The Cylinder Phonograph", and"Psst...Hey, You", it becomes evident that the phonograph and Audio Spotlight are similar.Both products were built,refined,and marketed.As a result,they became widely used and evolved into products we still use today.
All the humming, wheel tapping, and foot stomping while listening to the car radio had to start with something, right? Well, Eldridge Johnson was the one started it all with a simple machine called the Victor Talking Machine. Johnson invented the spring mechanism that made recorded music a commercially a viable possibility. He was making recorded music on flat disks that soon later came to be known as the record. Musicians had to play up lose to a needle. It would create grooved patterns on the master disk. For many, many years, people had to leave the comfort of their homes to watch music be played. These inventions changed all of that into what we have today!
The process of refining and marketing the phonograph is similar to the development of the Audio Spotlight. The articles “The Incredible Talking Machine”, “History of the Cylinder Phonograph” and “Psst . . . Hey, You.” discuss these topics. All inventions discussed in the articles were creations of active imaginations, development of workable models, and the push to perfect the model.
A very popular consumer item was the phonograph. It was first invented in 1877 but it was so expensive it took a while for the homes in america to get ahold of it , by the time of the 1920’s 7 million homes had their hands on one but they were still pretty expensive. The phonograph was a music recorder and to the people of america it was important because that's where most of their music came from either that other radio. It was referred to by many names like “talking machine” or “music machines” or its proper word “phonograph”. The most popular phonograph was called the “victor victrola”. Its inventors were Thomas Edison, Emile Berliner,Eldridge R. Johnson. The newer version of the phonograph that was produced in the 1920’s didn’t have
Most successful musicians know a hidden art carried out by the work of a good sound engineer; it is essential for a magnificent album. For the rest of us novice listeners and fans, we believe what we hear through our speakers or played over the radio are the true skilled professional musicians, soaring at their craft. Most contemporary music, from pop to R&B and acid jazz to the sophisticated realm of orchestral film scores, has been modernized by several inventions encased within the studio. The art of audio engineering has taken on new forms, from the nuts and bolts, "plug it in, and see if it works" era into the digital world, because of these wonderfully tragic solutions to a
<br>The development of recording technology has run parallel to a reorientation in popular music production. The goal of getting a good sound is no different now than it was when the first recordings were made, but the idea of what a good sound is and how it should be achieved are radically different.
He knew that if you could represent the binary 0 and 1 with dark and light, then a device could be produced that is able to read sounds or any other information without wearing it out and if he could make the binary compact enough he could store a bunch on a small piece of film. Bettelle let him pursue his project and in 1970, after years of work, he succeeded in inventing the first digital-to-optical recording and playback system, the CD. A CD is a simple round piece of plastic about 4/100ths of an inch thick, and 12 centimeters in diameter used for electronic recording, storing, and playback.
Sound is what can be heard, whether it is through a speaker or from your mouth. In “The Incredible Talking Machine”, the excerpt from “ History of the Cylinder Phonograph” and “Psst.. Hey, You. ”The development and promotion of the sound device is done in a similar way. Such as input of sound, use of product and unexplored potential of the product.
The article “Psst.. Hey You,” includes not only information about the process of refining and marketing but also the development of the Audio Spotlight. Throughout “The Talking Machine,” Randall Stross talked about the phonograph and how the public talked about it before it was ready to sell. The invention of the phonograph got out to the public and many different possibilities blossomed among the audience. A lot of positive theories were thought about the device.
In the midst of the United States’ “dot com bubble” (years 1997-2000), there was a surge in technology that brought about file sharing and digital downloads. Threatening the survival of the music industry and introducing a unique set of challenges for the industry to overcome. To remain relevant in the new global market of digital music online, the music industry would have to evolve and change with the introduction of each new facet technology had to offer. The introduction of digitally compressed music files, so easily attainable for a small fee or downloaded legally (pirated) for free, made the music industry reevaluate how to make a profit and protect copyrights. Social media created a visible opportunity for both consumers and artists to maintain digital relationships while providing a platform for consumers to follow and discover new musicians and bands, naturally, making the internet a promotional medium for artists. As the corner record shops closed to make way for virtual storefronts and instant downloads; the internet, digital downloading, and social media made an enormous impact on the music industry that has changed the way consumers purchase, source, listen to, and produce music today.
No one can deny that technology is actively changing the music industry. Production, distribution and sales of music have been affected dramatically within the last 10 years along with artists, composers, and technicians. Most of the changes have been great for consumers, but vastly negative for professionals in the music industry, however a few artists have found ways to adapt to the changing atmosphere of digitally downloaded music and use it to their advantage. We’ve seen music change form from physical, tangible products like records and CD’s to electronic single tracks stored in an invisible cloud. Two major factors in this sudden revolution are online music stores (specifically iTunes) and file sharing websites that allow music to be downloaded illegally.
The creation of musical works has always been culminated by several different processes and usually involves many people. The process takes a lot of time delaying the release of music. Advancement in technology has played a significant role in the music production by lowering the length of time it takes to produce recorded material. Artists usually sign a contract with a recording company that markets their music products. The internet and low-cost recording technologies have created a “do-it-yourself” music movement. New artists have gained worldwide recognition without landing a recording contract with a major record label.
In this article, Peterson and Berger show how the organization of the popular music industry affects the music that America hears.
The evolution of the music industry follows the familiar pattern of digitization. Innovation began with the introduction of the vinyl record, transitioned from the cassette tape to the compact disc and landed us in an era of digital downloads. The emergence of music streaming services like Spotify has progressed the industry even further, giving consumers the ability to access music on demand using download-free online platforms. Spotify faces criticism from artists as a result of the overlap of creativity and commerce. They argue that business activities corrupt creativity, transforming it into a tool for profitability rather than an outlet for expression. Artists insist that Spotify deters album sales, favors established artists and fails to support them financially. However, Spotify was created for consumers. It delivers an accessible alternative to purchasing and downloading music. The interplay between creativity and commerce is changing the nature of the music industry. Spotify has adapted to this change, providing a platform that supports both artists and consumers. Through analysis of the market, artist’s revenue, record labels and consumers, I will argue that artists should accept the evolution of the industry and support Spotify.