Introduction:
Every year, 1,000 new cases of a preventable and treatable disability called obstetric fistula develops in our women. An obstetric fistula is described as “a hole in the birth canal” that occurs as a result of obstructed labor. Malnourishment, poverty, and young age and resource poor areas are the main risk factors. The consequences of obstetric fistula are physical, emotional and psychological. Lack of skilled medical personnel’s and poor healthcare infrastructure along with low levels of education, and high fertility rates all contribute to Mali’s high obstetric fistula prevalence. To improve obstetric health in Mali, we must invest in training midwives, building strong community clinics and hospitals that provide pre and
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Low number of hospitals along with limited means of transportation and surgeries fees remain a barrier to access medicine and new methods that improve maternal health.
Risk Factors:
Obstetric fistulas are a “disease of poverty”. More than half of the country lives below the poverty line. Mali also has a maternal mortality of 550 for 1,000 women. About 65% of young girls are married before the age of 18, and 45% will have their first child before 18. Young girls are 88% more likely to develop obstetric fistulas. Malnutrition among young mothers further leads to a small stature which results in a cephalic-pelvic disproportion. During childbirth, a fetus’s shoulders are unable to fit through the girl’s small pelvic bones causing pressure that leads to the development of obstetric fistulas.
Fertility also remains high in Mali, with each women giving birth to an average of 6.1 times in her lifetime. Among poor rural women, this number increases to 7.2 births, while for wealthy, urban woman it is 2.8 births. Contraceptives uses are low. Only 3% of low income rural women in Mail utilize contraceptives as compared to the 23% of use among high income urban women. Lack of education about family planning and inadequate access to health centers, prenatal care poses challenges for maternal health.
Furthermore, it is estimated that 54% Malian women have their children
The book we read in class, To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, has a very interesting character named Atticus. He is a very intelligent lawyer who takes a case to defend a black man. This man’s name was Tom Robinson and he supposably raped a young woman named Mayella Ewell. Her father, Bob, is a drunk and has a tendency to beat his children. The amount of racism in Maycomb county makes it nearly impossible to defend a black man against two white people, buf Atticus still tries. In doing so, he upsets Bob Ewell and he targets his children to harm them as payback. Many people say Atticus made a mistake when taking the case because he put his own children in danger but he was just doing things for the greater good, plus no one really got hurt. I think that it makes sense for Atticus to have defended Tom Robinson despite the dangers and risks it came it with because he just wants to
Receiving good prenatal care is extremely important for an expecting mother. The prenatal period has a great impact on the newborn's health. Low birth weight is a problem among a certain population of newborns. It is crucial to understand the conditions in poverty and its
The intent of this paper is to examine effective solutions for reducing cesarean deliveries. Cesarean deliveries involve more risk to both the mother and baby than vaginal births do. Cesarean deliveries have a higher potential of complications than vaginal births. Cesarean deliveries cost more, require longer hospital stays, and require more resources—both human and systemic—than vaginal births.
In all religions, there are different structures of authority. It can be the way the system works; people live their lives, or how they view their world. The people in Socrates’ Apology and the Hebrew Bible have different ways of life. The Greek gods and the Hebrew God shape these people’s views, and they live the way their Gods want them to. Socrates’ gods and the Jews’ God give them a sense of authority in how they live and view their world. It evidently shows in Socrates’ Apology while Socrates defends himself in court, and in the books of the Bible when the Jews follow God and how they judge before and after Jesus comes down. Although the Athenians’ and Jews’ lives contrast sharply, the ways they devote themselves to their Gods
Also, for reasons that are still being investigated in public health, poorer pregnant women are much more likely to be diagnosed with labor-inducing bacterial infections such as bacterial vaginosis or chorioamnionitis (inflammation of the fetal membrane) (Allsworth & Peipert, 2007; Dammann, Leviton, & Allred, 2000). In a study sample of over 3,700 women who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was higher in pregnant women who were living at (34%) or below (37%) the federal poverty level compared to those who were living above it (24%) (Allsworth & Peipert, 2007). Additionally, pregnant women in lower SES communities have been found to suffer from more chronic healthcare care conditions such as hypertension and diabetes which are highly associated with preterm birth and small gestational size (Nagahawatte & Goldenberg,
Poor adolescents are 3 times as likely to have a newborn out of wedlock than adolescents who and not poor and the birth are associated with low birth weights and peri/postnatal complications
The first problem that needs to be addressed is simply the lack of access for women in vulnerable populations to prenatal care. This is a major problem because we see that the rate of women who
According to UNICEF, maternal mortality in Haiti is 35 women out of every thousand; neonatal healthcare is equally abysmal, with 3.1 percent of newborns dying within the first month after birth. Most of the maternal and neonatal deaths are considered largely preventable, given adequate healthcare resources. Accessibility to these resources is another important issue, with less than 36 percent of pregnant women giving birth in any healthcare facility.
The problems in our medical system is that they don’t treat and see pregnancies and labor as a natural stage that a women may have, they want to treat it as a medical conditions and is not we as women are able to give birth and survive without any drugs women in the past did it and we can also do it. Pregnancies and births are a business in todays society and hospitals and doctors are the ones that are making a great profit from this. One thing that can be done to help with this issues is educating women because most of us are very terrified of labor because is being portray as a very unpleasant experience, doctors should also have more experience on natural births since most of them don’t get to see a natural birth. Another things that can be done is for doctors to recommend women to have their kids in a natural way with out drugs and with midwives, also doctors should work more closely with
Childbirth is one of the greatest privileges on the earth anyone could have and we, as women, should feel proud to be major contributors for it. Thus, a mother has to play a key role in aiding the healthcare workers to mitigate the health crisis associated with childbirth by performing her duties faithfully. One such associated health crisis is “Premature (preterm) birth” which occurs when the baby is born too early, before 37 weeks of gestational period (CDC, 2015). The rate of preterm birth ranges from 5% to 18% of babies born across 184 countries (WHO, 2015).
The fifth goal is to increase maternal health in countries with a focus on reducing the maternal mortality rate by three-fourths and universal access to reproductive health both by 2015. Despite a 43% reduction in maternal deaths since 1990, there are still a large number of women who die during childbirth from preventable causes such as hemorrhaging (United Nations, 2015, p. 38).
This essay will first describe partnership and how a midwife working in the continuity of care model develops and maintains it. Secondly, this essay will describe what a postnatal abdominal palpation is, why it is done and what the outcomes may be. It will also describe the anatomy and physiology of a uterus and involution. Lastly, a description of how the assessment is conducted and how during this partnership and cultural safety is maintained by the midwife.
In 2013, 289 000 women died during pregnancy and childbirth and it was estimated that everyday 800 women all over the world died from childbirth or childbirth-related problems (World Health Organization, 2014). Often, maternal mortality is found to occur more often in developing countries than developed countries. Maternal mortality refers women who died from the situation like during pregnancy, termination of pregnancy within 42 days, regardless of duration and place of pregnancy, from aggravation caused by the pregnancy or pregnancy management (Nwagha et al, 2010). Maternal mortality may be resulted from direct or indirect cause. Direct causes are from obstetric complications of pregnancy, labour, and puerperium, and interventions whereas indirect causes are from the worsening of current conditions by pregnancy or delivery (Givewell, 2009). This paper aims to examine the causes for maternal mortality in both developed and developing countries and will end with a proposal for government to ensure women are given reproductive health rights.
Flash forward a few years and I was posted as senior doctor to one of the far places these fistula patients came from. Our fistula patients presented months after delivery, the diagnosis often missed with some not presenting at all. Fortunately,
I possess a knowledge of childhood development skills through previous leadership positions and work experience. I also have the ability to conduct interviews, communicate successfully in and outside of professional settings and also organize and maintain a high workload effectively. Furthermore, my resiliency and drive in my pursuit of results. I am also a critical thinker and this has helped me foster both personal and interpersonal relationships with the children I work with and my employers. These are attributes among others that I learned and improved upon this past year as an AmeriCorps member, working as a teaching assistant in Bridgeport Connecticut have reinforced my willingness to serve the disadvantaged and