The Effects Of Osteoporosis On The Remodeling Cycle

Osteoporosis is a treatable disease, but not a curable one. There are different types of treatment for osteoporosis. Some of the medications that can be taken for treatment of osteoporosis are estrogen, bisphosphonates, calcitionin, raloxifene, parathyroid hormone, and testosterone replacement (UCSF Medical Center, 2010). Some of the more common names for bisphosphonates are Fosamax, Actonel, Boniva, and Reclast (Mayo Clinic, 2009). These treatments are taken orally once a week or once a month. In addition to the medications, there is also the treatment of exercise and diet. With a diet high in calcium, stopping unhealthy habits, like smoking and drinking, and regular exercise can reduce the likelihood of bone fractures in people with osteoporosis (The New York Times, 2010). In Ms. Duckworth’s incident, it would be recommended that she increase the amount of calcium in her diet and exercise, and depending on the severity of the osteoporosis, medication.

Osteoporosis is a detrimental bone condition, the tissue in the bones deteriorate and thus the bones become progressively brittle which presents a risk for rupture. Osteoporosis impacts more than 44 million Americans and is linked to a suggested 2 million bone fractures each year. According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, the amount of fissures due to osteoporosis may escalate above 3 million by the year 2025. Osteoporosis is typically undetected and advances with slight warning signs until a fissure ensues. Effects of osteoporosis encompass height reduction and a curved upper back, anyone can have osteoporosis, however it is prevalent in elderly women and many may break a bone due to this condition. Recovery and prevention are vital in combating osteoporosis, though it may never be eradicated one can take measures to stabilize bone density and gain strength.

in the development and onset of this disease. Sex hormones, such as estrogen previously mentioned, as well as testosterone in men can help build and maintain healthy bones. When these hormone levels decrease, which is not uncommon in old age, the chance for osteoporosis increase significantly.

As generally stated in the introduction, osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that involves the strength and integrity of one’s bones. The WHO defines osteoporosis as, “a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low-bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, increased bone fragility, and its susceptibly to recurrent fractures.” 2 The most important factor to take into account when addressing osteoporosis is the mass of bone, also referred to as, bone mineral density (BMD). As bone mass begins to decline, typically in the older population, specifically postmenopausal women, individuals are at an increased risk for fractures.3 As a result of this serious condition, many people are affected by morbidity, mortality, and economic difficulty.1

396). When blood calcium needs to be replenished, the trabecular bone gives up minerals. The loss of trabecular bone is significantly apparent in men and women in their 30s. However, the trabecular bone can start to desintegrate whenever calcium withdrawals exceed deposits. Furthermore, cortical bone also gives up calcium, however this occurs at a slower and steadier pace. The cortical bone begins to give up ususally around someone in their 40s. Therefore, as bone loss continues, bone density begins to decline, which causes osteoporosis to become apparent. For instance, "Bones become so fragil that even the body's own weight can overburden the spine - vertebrae may suddenly disintegrate and crush down, painfully pinching major nerves" (Whitney & Rolfes, 2013, p. 396). Nonmodifiable risk factors for osteoporosis tend to occur in the older age, female gender, smaller frame Caucasian, Asian, or Hispanic/Latino. In addition, it occurs in people with family history of osteoporosis or fractures. However, modifiable risk factors include, sedentary lifestyle, diet inadequare in clacium and vitamin D, diet excessive in protein, sodium, caffeine, cigarrette smoking, alcohole abuse and low

Osteoporosis is developed when the bones lose minerals (such as calcium) too quickly and the body cannot replace them fast enough. This causes bone density to decrease and the bones to become porous, making them more fragile and susceptible to breaking. There are many risk factors for osteoporosis, some of which can be changed, some of which cannot. Those that cannot be changed include gender (women are more likely to develop osteoporosis), age (older people have a higher risk), physical build (smaller people have more of a chance), and family history (those with parents who have/had osteoporosis are more at risk). However, factors that can be changed include the level of sex hormones, diet, inactive lifestyle, excessive use of alcohol, smoking,

Osteoporosis is commonly known around the world as the numbers continue to increase every year. Osteoporosis is known to cause problems in middle aged women and occasionally effecting some men (1), currently reaching the number of 200million women diagnosed with osteoporosis (2). Arthritis Organisation states that anyone can get osteoporosis but women are about four times more likely than men to develop it, with two main reasons contributing to this fact. For several years after menopause occurs (ovaries stop producing oestrogen), the process of bone loss speeds up, increasing the chance of being diagnosed with osteoporosis. Yet men generally reach a higher level of bone density before the process of bone loss begins. Although

Fragility fracture is occasionally the first presentation of osteoporosis. The incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures has been reported to increase with age and over 50% of the incidents occurring in menopausal women aged > 75 years. Vertebral column and hip are the most common site of fracture contributing to a significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Additionally, patients with a history of a fracture have a higher chance of encountering future fractures (Anders et al. 2007).

It is the choice of the diagnosed to the medication or opt for alternative therapies. There are various medications for osteoporosis these help to reduce the amount of bone lost. There are five types of medication they include Bisphosphonates, Strontium ranelate, Monoclonal antibodies, Hormone replacement therapy, and Selective oestrogen receptor modulators. There is also many different ways of treatment that do not require drugs. Some herbs and supplements have are suspected to decrease or even the stop bone loss caused by osteoporosis, such as Red Clover, Soy, and Black Cohosh. All of these are believed to contain oestrogen-like compounds as oestrogen can naturally protect the bones. Accoutre puncture and Tai Chi may also be used as alternative therapies. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine suggest that tai chi might be able to promote increased immune function and overall well being for older adults. It is also suggested to improve strength and coordination, and also reduces muscle or joint pain along with

There are commonly no symptoms in the early stages of bone loss. The signs and symptoms that may happen once your bones have been weakened by osteoporosis include: back pain, created by a fractured or collapsed vertebra, loss of height over time, a stooped posture, and a bone fracture that takes place more easily than expected. Other risk factors include your sex, your age, family history, and body frame size. Women are more likely to develop osteoporosis than men. The risk increases the older a person gets as well. Usually men and women who have a smaller body frame gravitate to have a higher risk because they have less bone mass to gather from as they age. People from white or Asian decent also have a higher risk to develop osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is referred to as the decrease in bone density and mass over time. The interior bones become progressively weaker and can cause a stooped posture. This makes the individual more susceptible to bone fractures. Osteopenia regards a condition where the bone material density is considered lower than normal. This is usually a precursor to the musculoskeletal disorder, known as osteoporosis. The term ‘osteoporosis’ means ‘porous bones’. In this case, bone is a living tissue that is continuously being broken down and replaced. Thus, osteoporosis happens when the creation of bone does not keep up with the removal of the old bone. In this disorder, the bones are diminished and deteriorated in structure. This condition is typically prevalent in older women due to an estrogen deficiency with menopause. The lack of estrogen increases bone resorption and decreases bone deposition. In addition, osteoporosis can occur with atrophy, which is caused by disuse. Additionally, osteoporosis can occur in men due to the aging process as well as patients who have received corticosteroids, which are hormones used to treat inflammatory conditions.

According to Elaine N. Marieb & Katja Hoehn (2016). Human Anatomy & Physiology, vol. 10 p192 “Osteoporosis has traditionally been treated with calcium and vitamin D supplements, weight-bearing exercise, and hormone (estrogen) replacement therapy (HPT)”. These are a few things for treatment or prevention. This can be a treatment and a way to prevent osteoporosis from the beginning. Hormone replacement therapy does not reverse the disease but it does help it decrease slower. For example, if the disease is already developed the supplement can help it be slower rather than faster. When this happens then the bone does no become weak faster. Even though this can be an opinion of treatment the topic is debatable because it can come with a lot of other risk factors such as a stroke, a heart attack, or even breast cancer. Many people would take this treatment but others will

It reduces the mass of our bones, which makes it very brittle. It is a silent process that takes place and needs to be medically diagnosed by a professional. If our bones become too weak, then there will more risks for fractures, especially for the elders. It affects every bone in our body, but it is more likely to occur on the wrists, hips and vertebral column.

Menopause comes a drop in defensive estrogen creation. For these females, hormone therapy is a treatment alternative. In any case, it is not commonly utilized as a first line of safeguarding. Particular Estrogen Receptor Modulators re-make the bone-protecting impact of estrogen. Thyrocalcitonin is a hormone made by the thyroid gland. The gland controls calcium levels in the body. Synthetic thyrocalcitonin, or calcitonin, is utilized to treat spinal osteoporosis in patients who cannot take bisphosphonates. It can likewise ease pain in a few patients with spinal fractures. The medication is accessible by nasal spray or injection. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) controls calcium and phosphate levels in the bone. Medicines with a synthetic PTH like teriparatide can really advance new bone development. The medication is given by everyday infusion in mix with calcium and vitamin D supplements. This medication is extremely costly. As Williams state, “It is for the most part saved for patients with serious osteoporosis who have poor resistance for different medications”

Distal Radius Fractures (DRF) are common fractures encountered in orthopedics within the elderly. As reported by Koval and Zuckerman (1998) the elderly have an increased number of DRF for numerous reasons including the fragility of osteopenic bone, postmenopausal osteoporosis and as a result of low energy trauma including trips and falls. According to Tortora and Derrickson (2009) they are more common in women than men because women’s bones are smaller, and the production of hormones in women declines dramatically at menopause, whereas only slightly in men. A study by Sennwald (1987) reported that after the age of 50, more than 85% of DRF occur in women, likely attributable to the impact of osteoporosis. Approximately one in seven women