The Effects Of Parenting Styles On Children

Over time, many studies have achieved a common objective; to group parenting behaviors into related clusters called parenting styles. Parenting styles, according to a 2007 article in the “Journal of Education and Human Development,” are a mixture of demandingness and responsiveness. Authoritarian parents are

During early childhood development a key factor that influences our aspects of behavior is the type of parenting styles our parents used. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of parenting styles and college students academic achievement. Also to find out if parenting style would a valid predictor of children’s success. Thus, three types of parenting styles were measured those being authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. These parenting styles were identified by using four dimension of parenting as identified by the college students, disciplinary strategies, warmth and nurturance, communication styles, and expectation of maturity and control. Academic success was measure using grade point average (GPA) of the college students. Analysis revealed that only authoritative parenting style had a correlation with students and high GPA. (Huey, Sayler, and Rinn, 2013)

With over three hundred million Americans and over six billion people worldwide parenting skills are essential to maintain a healthy society. Parenting involves many aspects and requires many skills. It is a time to nurture, instruct, and correct to develop fundamental skills children will need to be mature, responsible, and contributing adults to a society. There are four commonly identified parenting styles; authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting. Of the four parenting styles, two remain on opposite ends of the parenting spectrum. These two styles; authoritarian, and permissive both have deleterious results that are often visible throughout different developmental stages, such as rebellious behavior. As well

Parenting styles were developed by Diana Baumrind in 1966 at the University of California at Berkeley (Diana Divecha Ph.D, 2015). Baumrind used a model of demands and responsiveness to determine three types of parenting styles. These styles were authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive parenting. Because permissive parenting lacks in demand and discipline, it will not be discussed in this essay. In Baumrind’s model, demands refers to the amount of control parents exert onto and expect from their children. Responsiveness refers to how a parent nurtures and empathizes with their child. Parents with high demands and high responsiveness follow the authoritative parenting style. On

Research in parenting styles has found a large amount of correlation between parenting behavior and certain long-term outcomes for children. Specifically, parenting styles have been shown to correlate to a child’s obedience level, school competence, delinquency, violence, sexual activity, antisocial behavior, alcohol and substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and self-perception. The members of your family are the most prevalent relationships you will have in your life. Therefore, they will have the most influence in your future behavior. This paper examines the similarities and differences among authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and neglecting parenting styles and the effects on a child’s development and the resulting adolescent’s behavior.

There are three main types of parenting styles: authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian. There have been many studies conducted in an attempt to gain insight on the efficacy of the parenting styles aforementioned. Studies have found each of the respective types has varying parenting philosophies and effects on the children they are used on. Authoritative parenting is often regarded as the best parenting style and it is characterized as high in warmth and high in control. Authoritarian tends to produce negative results in children, as it is characterized as being low in warmth and high in demand (Sartaj & Aslam, 2010). Permissive parenting yields the worst effect for the outcome of children, characterized by high in warmth and low in control (Aldhafri, 2011). Factors such as culture and child behavior can affect parenting styles but parenting styles influence factors such as academic self-efficacy, behavior and social skills in children, so it is important for parents to be mindful of which style they use. Because of these factors my parents have taken on an authoritative parenting style, which has cultivated

In the mid-twentieth century, Diana Baumrind, a clinical and developmental psychologist, conducted an extensive research experiment on parent-child interactions in the home (Baumrind 1967). Upon the conclusion of the experiment, Baumrind developed the theory that there were four parenting styles that accounted for child development: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive-indulgent and permissive-uninvolved. Authoritarian parents set strict rules and demand obedience from their children. Authoritative parents set clear expectations and high standards, but are still responsive to their children’s opinions. Permissive-Indulgent parents have an abundance of parental warmth, but provide no consequences for their children’s misbehavior. Permissive-Uninvolved parents are similar to permissive-indulgent parents, but these parents display no parental warmth. Within the four parenting styles, Baumrind recognized that there were four dimensions of parent-child interactions: parental control, maturity demands, clarity of communication and nurturance. Parental control is in relation to a parent establishing and enforcing certain rules. Maturity demands concern a parent’s expectation for his/her children to work to their full potential. Clarity of communication is a parent’s willingness to communicate with his/her children and take their opinions into consideration. Nurturance is related to parental expressions of warmth and approval, as well as the children’s

O’Byrne, Haddock, Poston, and Mid America Heart Institute (2002) investigated whether parenting style was a risk factor of smoking initiation and experimentation among adolescents and whether there was a relationship between parenting style and readiness to quit, and nicotine dependence among smokers. O’Byrne et al. (2002) defined current smokers as those who smoke regularly, experimenters as individuals who have smoked on one or two occasions, but have not smoked in the past month. Initiated smokers were considered both current smokers and individuals who smoked regularly in the past and then quit. Readiness to quit was categorized into four stages: precontemplation, for those who had no intent on quitting, contemplation, for those who may quit but not within the next 6 months, preparation, for those who will quit within the next 6 months and action, for those who will quit next month. Parenting style was measure by the Family of Origin Scale (FOS) which measured family intimacy and autonomy. This scale

Parenting styles have been widely defined by Baumrind into three categories, authoritative, authoritarian and permissive. Parenting styles can be defined as a pattern of attitudes in how parents choose to express and communicate with their children. These styles are categorized based on the level of nurturance, parental control and level of responsiveness (Dwairy, 2004). Authoritative style exhibits high levels of demand, responsiveness and nurturance; authoritarian style exhibits high levels of demand but low levels of responsiveness, permissive style exhibits low levels of demand but high in responsiveness and nurturance (Dwairy, 2004). These parenting styles have been proposed to have a significant impact on a child’s

In my recent psychology class we studied parenting styles. They are grouped into three different categories; authoritarian, authoritative, and overly permissive. This gave me insight into a couple of different programs I’ve watched on television.Authoritarian parents are parents that set strict rules to keep order and they usually do this without much expression of warmth and affection. “They demand obedience to authority.” (Coon & Mitterer, 2010, p. 91) When the child questions the parent, "Because I said so," is often the response. Parents tend to focus on bad behavior, and not positive behavior, and children are scolded or punished for not after the rules. Authoritative parents help their children learn to be responsible for

Parenthood is a privilege but is also a great responsibility. Parents wish there was a manual that came along with children when they were born; however, that is not the case and parents can only do their best in different situations. How parents act in child rearing is called parenting styles, and geographically speaking there is a wide variety of styles practiced. The most controversial styles are the ones adopted by the eastern and the western cultures in the world. While eastern parents are stricter and demanding, western parents are more flexible, nurturing, and more tolerant. Amy Chua’s article “Why Chinese Mothers are Superior” and Hanna Rosin’s

One of the challenges every parent faces is determining the best way to raise their child. Bob Keeshan states that parents are the ultimate role models for children. Every word, movement and action has an effect. No other person or outside force has a greater influence on a child than the parent. Parents use various techniques to raise their kids. How a child is raised or developed depends on the structures that the parents used. A parent is not intrinsically bad or good; he or she is just a parent who makes good or bad choices. Good parents or bad parents, they all grouped in three different categories based on the method that they choose to raise their children. According to clinical and developmental psychologist Diana Baumrind, parents are classified as authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive.

The significant impact different parenting styles can have on a child’s development intrigued me and prompted my self reflection of how my immigrant parents parenting practices affected my development. From my experience, I believe immigrant parents are more likely to display authoritarian versus authoritative parenting styles. “Studies have shown that parents of individualistic cultures (i.e. western cultures) are more likely to be authoritative, whereas parents of collectivistic cultures (i.e. non-western cultures, including Asian, African, and Hispanic) that have immigrated to the United States tend to be more authoritarian “(Spera, 2005). While immigrant parents have their children’s best interest in mind, the parent’s expectations and fears of their children assimilating to a new culture and losing their original heritage and cultural identities, “may trigger negative consequences, that impact the development of the child as a result of this controlling parenting style” (Yaman et al, 2010). Immigrant parents from collectivistic cultures that practice authoritarian parenting methods are more likely to display traits such as: physical interference, a tendency to promote an overly controlling domestic environment, defined gender roles and limited communication regarding decisions and rules – either the child obeys without question or punishment is dealt out immediately (Varela et al, 2004).

The family system and parents are generally regarded as one of the most powerful forces in shaping adolescents. Parents have a great influence in the development of adolescents. The relationship of the parents largely effect the development of adolescents and is an important factor when looking at development. Well-adjusted adolescents tend to have intact families that are supportive and create a warm and loving environment with constant monitoring of behavior. The review examines the current research on adolescent development and how it is effected by parenting styles. Taking into account the changes that occur over time to parents this review shows the fluidity of parenting styles and the stressors that cause those changes.

In this paper, I will examine how parenting style affects an individuals relationship with his or her children. According to Baumrind, there are four main parenting styles, differentiated on levels of support and expectations. This paper focuses on parents with high support and high expectations,who are known as authoritative parents and those who are supportive with low expectations, who are are permissive. These four different styles of parenting lead to very different developmental outcomes for children in social, academic and emotional domains. However, this model does not fully explain parent-child interactions because it neglects to reference the environmental context of the relationship along with any personal differences in temperament of the child. This context introduces complexity such as personality differences, age of child and marital status of the parents. This is an important topic to investigate because of the impact parenting style can have on developmental outcomes for both the immediate child and for future generations.