The Effects Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons On The Organ System Of Aquatic Invertebrates

Massive cleanup efforts were initiated within a few weeks of the spill and they continued at reduced levels for the next three years. Approximately 14% of the spilled oil was recovered by cleanup crews (Newsweek, p.50). As a result of these efforts and natural weathering, little oil from the spill remained in the affected area by 1992. However, according to the National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration some oil residues are still found under the ocean surface in areas sheltered from wind and waves. Yet, these residues are highly weathered and the toxicity is reduced to levels tolerable by organisms in the water (7). Nonetheless, the magnitude and timing of the Exxon Valdez oil spill raised immediate concerns about possible effects on marine fish and wildlife and prospects that these effects might be long lasting.

On April 20th 2010 an explosion on an oil ridge of the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, was the cause of the greatest environmental disaster in history of the United States. This explosion took the lives of eleven men who were working on the ridge, and also ruptured an oil line, which dumped more than 4.9 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. This oil spill significantly affected the wildlife of the gulf coast, killing hundreds of fishes, birds, and reptile that call the gulf coast home. The spill also affected global supply chain for major industries.

According to the EPA, Texas and Louisiana are ranked first and second in the US for releasing the most amount of toxic chemicals. With the help of their neighboring states, so many unwanted nutrients flow into the gulf-- fertilizer is said to contribute up to 25% of the nutrient input. Nitrogen and phosphorus are both found in the Gulf of Mexico which could be deadly to both humans and animals. Too much of these nutrients in the water can result in rapid algae growth, which in turn harms the water, food, habitats, and even leads to hypoxia. Hypoxia has actually been documented for over 7,000 square miles along the coast of only Louisiana and

Until now, when the offshore oil rig Deepwater Horizon exploded in 2010 and dumped 4.9 million barrels of oil into Louisiana salt marshes, scientists had no idea which kinds of animals were most affected and what impact it had on the food chain. However, with a new study from a Coastal Waters Consortium team of researchers led by Rutgers University postdoctoral researcher, Michael McCann, has found out what animals and insects affected by the Deepwater Horizon explosion that should be given the top priority for conservation, protection and research. The researchers found that terns, gulls and wading birds were both sensitive to the oil and so deeply connected to other animals in the food chain as predator and prey that losing them would impact

oil spill happened five years ago and nearly 5 barrels of oil was spilt into the Gulf of Mexico. The oil spill was caused from an explosion through the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig about 40 miles off the coast of Louisiana. The main effect from this oil spill was the losses of the animals. Causing many to almost go extinct. As a result from the oil spill the earth has had—losses from pollution, the cost, and the damage of people.

In this century, there are nothing new about human corruption of the earth. However, in this article said that today, scientists has investigated the effects of Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989 on Alaskan communities and ecosystems for embryonic salmon and herring. Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska shows that the spill may had much greater impacts on spawning fish than previously recognized because of crude oil can develop hidden heart defects that adjustment for their later survival.

The Gulf oil spill, dated nearly six years ago, still haunts the waters today from what several scientists have claimed the article “Deepwater Horizon: One Year On.” In this article, the writer discusses how the scientists researching the spill have concluded thousands of species are becoming endangered from the Gulf of Mexico to the shores located around the gulf area. The article explains the cleaning of the spill had not made as much of an impact as they hoped for several years ago. The aforementioned scientists reported that the vast majority of the oil was not pulled from the water, and much of it has either: sunk to the bottom of the ocean, burned at the top, or made its way to shore. That being said, they also report that the shore,

Examination of this article will show what chemicals have been introduced into the gulf waters and the potential impact if left untreated. The disastrous effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil leak have caused a significant impact on our marine and mammal seafaring wildlife. Many private and governmental research institute studies were conducted immediately upon contamination and leakage of the oil flow into the Gulf of Mexico. Extensive studies were conducted over the course of the months before the capping of the oil well. To this day continued research studies have been conducted in the 6 years following the oil spill. Analyzing the impacts and effects of the oil spill, and the changes it has made to our environment and the ecosystem with in the gulf itself.

The Gulf oil spill happened on 20-April-2010 was the worst oil spill in U.S history. The BP pipe leak oil and gas on the ocean floor with approximately around 42 miles off the coast of Louisiana. Oil and water can’t mix together since oil density is lighter compare to water therefore oil float on the top of surface water. The oil floated on the surfcace and formed together to become the large oil slicks. These large slicks covered water surface which affect the animal live on surface water such as pelicant or other seabirds. In order to stop the slicks from damaging the coastal ecosystems and species, the engineer used dispersant chemical. However, the dispersant compound somewhat had effect on the life of species in the contaminated area especially the bottom floor. To understand what happened to the life of species on the bottom floor, a group of research lead by Helen K.White was conducting the investigation the deep sea-coral communities in the Gulf within 15 miles from wellhead as

The worst environmental disaster America ever faced is the Gulf oil spill which released an approximately of 171 million gallons of oil. Scientists estimate that approximately half of all the oil and nearly 100 percent of the methane gas released from the well stayed within the deep ocean. Estimates of the amount of oil spilling into the Gulf climbed steadily between April and June. The first estimate was 1,000 barrels a day. As of mid-June, that estimate had reached between 35,000 and 60,000 barrels a day. The resulting oil slick covered more than 2,500 square miles, but had largely dissolute by August. It’s estimated that a total of 4.9 million barrels of oil, or 205.8 gallons, leaked from the well of which only 800,000 barrels have been

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill has been recognized as the one of the worst environmental disasters, if not the worst, in U.S. history. On April 20, 2010, an offshore oil rig leased by British Petroleum’s (BP) in the Gulf of Mexico exploded in a ball of flames on, killing 11 employees. While much of the nation was riveted by the attempts to cap the mile-deep well, the hidden tragedy was the cloud of tens of millions of barrels oil that was slowly creeping toward land. BP and others would work for over a year to clean up the beaches and wetlands affected by the spilled oil. The impact of this was felt by costal wildlife and those who made their business working in the Gulf and along the shore.

Even though the nature of the two spills and the environments impacted were vastly different. These oil degrading indigenous microorganisms played a significant role in reducing the overall environmental impact of both the Exxon Valdez and BP Deepwater Horizon oil spills. When oil is highly dispersed in the water column and where microbial populations are well adapted to hydrocarbon exposure, such as in the Gulf of Mexico waters, oil proceeds very rapidly. Once the BP Deepwater Horizon oil leak began, the public and media started to compare it to the Exxon Valdez spill which had been up until that time the largest marine spill in

According to Elliott, D. (2015), the BP oil crisis was extremely hard on marine life and the coastal areas of the Gulf. Birds and sea life were all negatively affected. Many were coated with oil, and the cleanup was extremely difficult. The wild life death rate for the gulf area was high. BP has worked to clean up the mess, but the effects may linger for a long period. Oil is still on the bottom of the ocean, and buried in the sand. Wild life is still being affected. The author notes that tourism has rebounded, but some of the seafood industries are struggling.

The e Deepwater Horizon oil spill at the Macondo well began on April 20, 2010, in the Gulf of Mexico on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect. An explosion on the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig on 20 April 2010 killed 11 people and caused almost 5 million barrels of oil to flow into the Gulf of Mexico. The spill covered 68,000 square miles of land and sea and triggered a response effort involving the use of nearly 2 million gallons of dispersant chemicals (Pallardy). Considered the largest accidental marine oil spill in history, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DHOS) resulted in widespread environmental and economic damage, the exact nature of which is only beginning to be understood (Shultz 59). This paper will address the causes of this unmitigated ecological disaster and discuss steps that need to be taken to prevent a similar disaster from occurring again.

The British Petroleum (BP) Oil Spill occurred in April of 2010 and hurt many people, animals, businesses, and the economy of the many cities it impacted. It is recognized as the “worst oil spill” in the history of the United States, killing eleven people. The spill occurred due to a leak in a pipe that spilled oil into the Gulf of Mexico. The BP Oil well was not capped until 87 days later, by which 3.19 million barrels of oil had already spilled into the the Gulf of Mexico. The BP Oil spill did not only impact humans but sea animals too, including shrimp, lobsters, dolphins, turtles, and more. To clean up the spill, more chemicals were dumped into the ocean to reduce the size of the oil droplets causing the chemicals to also enter the food chain of these sea creatures as well. Over one thousand miles of the Gulf of Mexico shoreline was affected by the British Petroleum oil spill. But while the BP oil spill caused many damages to the Gulf of Mexico, it also brought some benefits, including jobs for immigrants and the national economic financial crisis started to withdraw.