The Effects Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )

They also found that childhood sexual abuse was the most common trauma that lead to PTSD symptoms. These findings are in line with previous research on this topic or similar topics to this one. Although childhood sexual assault was the common, the authors noted that being stalked and being threatened produces the most severe symptoms of PTSD in the regression equation. Another finding that was consistent with previous research is that sudden death of a loved one was a traumatic even experienced more frequently by the participants. Even though this was a very diverse group in terms of ethnicity, it still found that men experienced robbery and stranger assault more frequently than women. These findings are also consistent with other research. The authors expressed that because the diagnoses were not based on research-based diagnoses but from clinical charts it may not be as reliable. They also noted that there may be some groups that were not represented in the study, such as those living with SMI in the inner

This paper explores post-traumatic stress and how it is seen as a disorder. Post-traumatic stress can manifest into post-traumatic stress disorder. The evaluation and review books and articles seem to reveal a relation to these symptoms and military member, either active or non-active veterans. These symptoms do not manifest strictly into the full-extent of the disorder in all cases of military, however, things such as depression and other physical symptoms are discussed through the readings. The end result is that we discovered that through the readings PTSD will in fact lead to suicide if left untreated.

This assignment is being submitted on June 13, 2016, for Professor Kehiante McKinley’s G148/PSY1012 Section 02 General Psychology course.

Between February 2001 and April 2003, many were completed by approximately 9,282 Americans, 18 years of age or above, completed a survey that was conducted by The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). According to The National Comorbidity Survey Replication study, 5,692 Americans were diagnosed with PTSD. However, this research used the DSM-4 criteria. It was estimated that the lifetime prevalence was about 6.8% for Americans in young adulthood. This was a jump from the previous year at 3.5%. The lifetime prevalence for women was higher, at 9.7%, than it was for men at 3.6%. “Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., Delmer, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K.R., & Walters, E.E. (2005).”

(Zilvin 2007). A study was conducted to identified higher risks of suicidal in veterans, and the conclusion stated that veterans that are depressed have higher risk for suicide. This results can assist to focus on a certain group continuously and monitor closely to detect suicidal behavior and prevent it. Another cause of suicide is PTSD leads to depression and if not treated could lead to suicide but more study is to be done. ?For example, use and frequency of psychotherapy visits and adherence to psychiatric medications could influence the relationship between depression, PTSD, and completed suicide? (Zilvin 2007).

In their study, Zivin et al. (2007) revealed that according to the Veterans Health Study, the prevalence of significant depressive symptoms among veterans is 31%. This is two to five times higher than that of the general US population. Of the 807,694 veterans included in their study, 1,683 (0.21%) committed suicide during the study period. Increased suicide risks were observed among male, younger, and non-Hispanic White patients. PTSD with comorbid depression was associated with lower suicide rates, and younger depressed veterans with PTSD had a higher suicide rate than did older depressed veterans with PTSD (Zivin et al.,

According to Canada’s 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey on mental health, 4.7% of the population aged 15 years and over reported symptoms in the previous 12 months that met the criteria for depression. Researchers at McMaster University in Hamilton conducted a telephone survey of 2991 people aged 18 years and older across Canada in 2002. In this survey, 76.1% of the respondents reported exposure to at least one event sufficient enough to cause PTSD. Michael Van Ameringen, co-director of McMaster’s anxiety disorders clinic and associate professor in the department of psychiatry and behavioural neurosciences, says that “for 9% of people, the symptoms that you get after experiencing a trauma might continue on.” Traumatic events are one of the major causes of depression, PTSD, and paranoia. These disorders often co-exist, and their symptoms may overlap. Studies show that depression is up to 5 times more common in people who have PTSD. These symptoms can interfere with the sufferer’s ability to perform the daily tasks required of them, and would have a negative impact on not only the life of the victim, but also that of the people around

Many mainstream health professionals do not consider PTSD when assessing Aboriginal patients who show signs of other psychological disorders including psychosis, depression and drug and alcohol abuse. Another influential factor of misdiagnosis is when PTSD is not considered as they did not first had experience the trauma. A Study conducted in 2015 by _______, indicated that PTDS was present for over a 12-month period of 12.1% of men and 32.3% of women. It also found that PTSD was also linked with high rated of concurring mental disorders including anxiety, depression and psychosis, lifetime suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The study found that despite the alarmingly high statistics, many (58.9%) had not accessed any form of mental health care.

In regards to the Civil War veterans he saw, Rev. J.L. Burrows once said, "It is not in human nature to be contented under physical restraints." This quote perfectly describes the feelings of soldiers taken prisoner during the Civil War. Many of these captives harbored feelings of resentment towards their captors, despite relatively mild prison camp conditions. However, these feelings of resentment soon turned to animosity as conditions went from mildly inconvenient to hellish nightmares. This will become apparent when given the history of the prison camps and examples of two of the worst offenders - Confederate led Andersonville in the South and Union run Elmira to the North. These fiendish prisons and their practices would leave a wound

According to Finley, Bolinger, Noel, Amuan, Copeland, Pugh, Dassori, Palmer, Bryan, and Pugh (2015), a group of veteran mental health members addressed the problematic issue of whether suicide events showed an increase in suicide episodes since and related to the United States involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan. Research reported by the authors used the Department of Veterans Affairs administrative data to identify descriptive statistics followed by multinominal logistic regression analyzes. The authors also used international classification of diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification codes (2009-2011) to characterize 211652 cohort members. This retrospective cohort study revealed subgroups that created risk factors possibly elevating the occurrences of suicide. Prior psychological diagnosis is already known to be risk factors when associated with PTSD, traumatic brain injury, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, substance abuse, and sleeping deprivation. The author 's intent was to identify which conditions were at a greater risk for suicide ideation. The researchers’ finding from their sample size of 211,652 service members returning from Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) that 97.3% had neither suicide ideation nor a suicide attempt documented in 2010-2011. Additionally, the servicemen who were identified as individuals with suicide-related behaviors (SRB) resulted in only 2% having ideations only and .4% had attempts only, .3%

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) is an anxiety disorder that can develop after a person is exposed to one or more traumatic events, such as major stress, sexual assault, warfare, or other threats on a person’s life. There are many factors surrounding posttraumatic stress disorder suicide that we will attempt to further summarize. We will clarify the epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder and that the classical conditioning theory best explains posttraumatic stress disorder’s formation.

“When I was in serious danger I was almost completely paralysed by fear, I remember sitting with a coffin (a fellow soldier) on the fire-step of a trench during an intense bombardment, when it seemed certain that we must be killed”(The Psychological Effects Of The Vietnam War). Our soldiers that we send to war to protect us against the countries trying to harm us are put into dangerous situations that affect them physically and mentally and leave them with permanent damage to their minds and bodies. The server damage that our military soldiers faced when returning from war is PTSD which stands for post traumatic stress disorder and is the most common disorder that returning soldiers are diagnosed with , but a more tragic diagnosis from war

One noticeable gap in all this research is that most of the people sampled for the studies are males even though females are a more vulnerable population. As Wisco et al admitted “there is comparatively little research on suicidal behavior among women veteran, a growing yet understudied group” (Wisco et al, 2014). This is particularly important to the female veteran population who have been identified to be at “increased risk of TBI relative to female civilians” (Tanielian & Jaycox, 2008).

The third effect of PTSD is a physical one. Many people who have PTSD have scars. While many of these scars are mental, many are physical. Many times due to abuse or war, a person suffers from illnesses, such as Vitamin D deficiencies, from being denied from going outside, blindness due to abuse or war trauma, and even becoming deaf. There are sometimes deformities too. These deformities can range from scaring, to missing limbs. Sometimes the scarring is self-inflicted. Self-harm is yet another consequence of PTSD. Often times, the act of harming one’s self gives a sufferer of PTSD a moment of control and relief in their minds and life. Usually, self-harm is brought on by many things, from flashbacks, to stressful situations, to the fear that

The presence of PTSD may account for an important component of the excess medical morbidity and functional status limitations seen in women with depression.