The Effects Of Sleep On Cognitive Function

The sleep assessment conducted on the patient had an interesting dynamic in how we think we sleep opposed to how our partner says we sleep. The patient wakes up every morning at 6 a.m. and takes a nap right after lunchtime approximately at 1 p.m. The daily naps, according to the patient, last about forty-five minutes to an hour. When asked about restlessness when waking up the patient with a stern voice and pointed finger says, "When I'm up I'm up and ready to go." The patient also explained that they have no trouble staying asleep; however going to sleep can be challenging depending on if anything troubling is on her mind.

Narcolepsy is characterized by four classic symptoms: “excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis” (Dauvilliers, Beziat, Pesenti, Lopez, Barateau, et. al, 2017 p. 1358). As previously discussed, the study conducted by Lišková consisted of six unrelated measurements and surveys based on sleep routine and personality conducts such as anxiety and dissociative tendencies. It is obvious that measures in sleep disorders are widely disorganized and consist of tests and questionnaires defined as relevant by the researchers. As means of standardizing and validating the Narcolepsy Severity Scale (NSS), researchers Dauvilliers, Beziat, Pesenti, Lopez, Barateau, et. al developed a concise self-report standardized test to measure the four classic symptoms and their severity. A study consisting of 175 adults diagnosed with narcolepsy was executed to determine the validity and reliability of the NSS. The NSS measured participants before, during, and after treatment. Compared to the study of SP in university students, this study included a control group. The control group consists of seventy narcolepsy patients without treatment. One major setback to the NSS thus far is that the standardized test was not administered to children. It is likely that the questions and self

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness caused by a disturbance in sleep/wake cycles. It affects men and women equally, and it typically takes up to ten years after onset to get diagnosed. Onset usually occurs in the teen years, however it can also develop in children or adults. There is typically a peak incidence at age 15, and a smaller peak at age 36. Globally, narcolepsy affects approximately 1 in 2000 people, however for unknown reasons, the rate in Japan is nearly twice as high.

The students could rate their current mood on a scale from zero to seven. The higher the

Sleep dysfunction is a common issue in schizophrenia and psychosis. Most of patients faced this problems during their recovering. Common problems involve insomnia, light and noise interruption, and difficulties to fall asleep. This kind of issues can happen in all levels of schizophrenia regardless of ages and natural vulnerability and be relevant with compromised cognitive functions, reduced functional outcomes, and diminished ability to cope with stressful life events. [12] However, an important limitation is that

Sleep is essential for optimal human function. In fact, a lack of sleep can actually affect important cognitive functions, like memory. A 2007 study added to the already substantial evidence that even acute total sleep deprivation impairs attentiveness, working memory, and reaction time in various tasks (Alhola, Polo-Kantola). One such way to further this investigation of the effects of sleep deprivation on memory is through the Memory Interference Test, or MIT. MIT is a program designed by Gaston Pfluegl, Ph.D., and Enrique Lopez, Psy. D., at UCLA to test the memory of students. Along with a memory test, the MIT also anonymously collected the physical states, mental states, and demographics of each student test subject, providing a substantial database through which students can test hypotheses, such as the connection between sleep deprivation and memory. Since the MIT requires short-term memory recall, the hours of sleep a student had before taking the test could have a noticeable effect on his or her performance. An unprecedented study this year found that sleep deprivation may actually even induce false memories, which would certainly impact a student taking the MIT because the test requires the subject to recognize images that have been previously presented to them (Frenda, et al). The hypothesis is that students who slept 8 hours before the test will perform better on the MIT than students who only slept 4 hours. The null hypothesis is that students who had adequate

How often do you hear people complain about being tired all the time? Sleep deficiency has been investigated for years, but there has been no single method to explain why people nod their heads asleep in crucial times focus: during an important class lecture or even at the wheel. However, it is clear that without a good night’s rest, sleep-deprived individuals can find it difficult to pay attention, even if they want to stay awake. Thus, it becomes important to examine the underlying mechanisms that explain the negative effects of sleep loss on attention and cognitive performance. Sleep effects can be measured by alertness, which describes the overall state of the cognitive system and can be attributed to two primary components: a circadian system and a sleep homeostasis system (Åkerstedt & Folkard, 1995). The circadian system is composed of an oscillating 24-hour cycle that fluctuates in alertness throughout one day, while the homeostasis system is a gradual decline of alertness as wake time increases throughout the day, only recovering after sleep (Achermann, 2004). Attention is facilitated by alertness and is the behavioral and cognitive process of focusing on one piece of information at a time. Although it is a broad phenomenon, it can be divided into two components: vigilant attention and selective attention. Vigilant attention is a person’s ability to keep concentrating on one task, while selective attention is a person’s ability to focus distinctly on one stimuli to

Our aim is to study brain function during sleep attacks in narcolepsy. We intend to accomplish this by comparing brain activation during sleep and wake stages between patients and healthy controls using a combination of EEG and fMRI.

People with seizure disorder usually have problems with their sleep. Daytime sleepiness, lack of energy and drowsiness are frequently seen in epileptic patients. Baseline electrical activity has been vastly studied in epilepsy. Seizures can be either partial or generalized. Based on the area of the brain triggered by epileptic waves, any kind of motor or sensory abnormalities can happen in partial seizure. If the whole brain cortex is triggered, generalized tonic-clonic seizure can happen, which is the classic shaking of the body and loss of consciousness. Generalized seizures may be followed by a post-ictal period in which the patient will be heavily drowsy and may experience memory loss for a short amount of time. It has been shown that epileptic patients can reach threshold potentials more readily than the normal population and lack of sleep can be a trigger for causing a seizure [1]. The circadian rhythm, synchronizing role of thalamo-cortical networks, and reduced intracortical inhibition have been suggested as underlying physiologic factors elicited by sleep deprivation that make a patient more prone to seizure activity.

Sleep consultation was performed by a physician specialized in sleep disorders. Patients underwent comprehensive medical history and complete physical examination. All subjects completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) within few days of the sleep study. The ESS is a self-administrated questionnaire that asks subjects to rate how likely they would have dozed (fallen asleep) in 8 specific situations or activities that are commonly met in daily life. The chance of dozing is rated on a scale of 0-3 (0 = would never dose, 1 = slight chance of dozing, 2 = moderate chance of dozing, and 3 = high chance of dozing). The total ESS score is the sum of 8-items scores and can range between 0 and 24. The higher

Narcolepsy is the third most common sleep disorder among patients who seek treatment when going to a sleep clinic. People all over the world suffer from this sleep disorder, yet the pervasiveness of narcolepsy varies. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, nearly 1 in every 2000 people suffer from narcolepsy in the United States (Gordon, Doghramji, Lieberman, 2007). One of the biggest issues with narcolepsy is that although it may be as prevalent as other medical problems such as multiple sclerosis, it is still highly undertreated and underdiagnosed (Gordon, et. al 2007). Despite not knowing the exact cause of this disease, researchers have identified multiple symptoms that can lead to a diagnosis of narcolepsy.

When I am sleep deprived my thinking processes is not great. Trying to get tasks completed is difficult when I am tried because of not being fully able to concentrate without thinking of sleeping. Moreover, when having 4 hours of sleep feeling very sluggish not in such a good mood even though I do not drink coffee that comes to mind to stop and get a cup to wake me up. Furthermore, 8 hours of sleep arising feeling very invigorating in a great mood then reading my bible ready to start the day. I attended an event with one of my best friends and it lasted longer than expected. Arriving home very late, only to get a few hours of sleep so that I could get up and help with the all-day church festivities. Lacking sleep I could not really concentrate

Perhaps it applies not just to the adolescent group but also to the general population. According to Derry and Duncan (2013), there is a two-sided correlation between sleep and epilepsy. Sleep deprivation affects the onset of seizures, specifically in epilepsy. Conversely, epilepsy may interrupt the sleep cycle, either due to direct effects of seizure and epileptiform events or due to indirect effects of medications. In my personal nursing experience, my patient in a home health setting who was on his 30s experienced lack of sleep for 2-3 days. It was during the third day (during my shift) that he had status epilipticus. Status epilipticus

The extent of performance impairment caused by sleep loss appears to be profound for some individuals but moderate for others (Wilkinson, 1961). If these individual differences are substantial, they constitute a trait, and this trait can be predicted, performance impairment due to sleep loss may well be managed through identifying and providing proactive interventions to high-risk (i.e., more vulnerable or less resistant) individuals. In fact, several lines of research have been conducted to investigate individual differences in the performance impact of sleep loss.

Everyone has done it before: putting off studying for that exam until the last minute, then pulling out the caffeine for an all-nighter to cram as much information into their heads as they can. Cramming is the act of taking in massive amount of information in a short period of time just before an examination.When we cram for exams, the causes are usually because we lose interest in studying, have another large pile of work to worry about, or plainly play around too much – not being serious. However, there are consequences for cramming late at night. Harvard Medical School associate professor Seung-Schik Yoo’s research suggests that “lack of sleep impairs mental function [and] leaves students vulnerable to long-term permanent damage”