The Effects Of Stable Angina And Chronic Heart Failure Essay

Heart failure is a chronic, progressive condition in which the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood through to meet the body 's needs for blood and oxygen. Basically, the heart can 't keep up with its workload. American Heart Association Statistics (2016) reveals that heart failure accounts for 36% of cardiovascular disease deaths. Projections report a 46% increase in the prevalence of Heart Failure (HF) by 2030 by affecting over 8 million people above 18 years with the disease. Healthy People 2020 goals are focused on attaining high quality longer lives free of preventable diseases, promotion of quality of life, healthy development and healthy behaviors across all stages of life (Healthy People 2020, 2015).

ECG: sinus tachycardia with waveform abnormalities consistent with LVH, Pronounced Q waves consistent with pulmonary edema.

Situation: Two patients in their 70s present to the office at different times today, each with documented heart failure: one diastolic and the other systolic, and both are hypertensive. First, discuss the difference between systolic and diastolic heart failure, providing appropriate pathophysiology. ACEI/ARBs are the only medications prescribed for CHF that have been found to prolong life and improve the quality of that life. EXPLAIN the mechanism of action of ACEI/ARBs and how they affect morbidity and mortality in CHF. Be specific. Diuretics must be used very carefully in diastolic ventricular dysfunction. EXPLAIN this statement using appropriate physiology. Now considering all of the above, describe an appropriate comprehensive plan of

Heart Failure is a progressive heart disease when the muscle of the heart is weakened so that it cannot pump blood as it should; the blood backs up into the blood vessels around the lungs and the other parts of the body (NHS Choice, 2015). In heart failure, the heart is not able to maintain a normal range cardiac output to meet the metabolic needs of the body (Kemp and Conte, 2012). Heart failure is a major worldwide public health problem, it is the end stage of heart disease and it could lead to high mortality. At present, heart failure is usually associated with old age, given the dramatic increase in the population of older people (ACCF/AHA, 2013). In the USA, there are about 5.7 million adults who have heart failure, about half of the people die within 5 years of diagnosis, and it costs the nation an estimated $30.7 billion each year (ACCF/AHA, 2013).

Nearly 5.1 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with heart failure. Yet so many people don’t have a clue what it is until they have been diagnosed with it. Congestive Heart Failure, or CHF, is a disease that has many symptoms, can be tested and treated, has several causes, and can be avoided.

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Congestive heart failure is a chronic condition that is responsible for the highest number of hospitalizations among adults. Readmission rates after hospitalization also remain high, with 50% of patients being readmitted within 6 months of discharge. (Desai & Stevenson, 2012). The Affordable Care Act penalizes hospitals with readmissions within 30 days after discharge, making readmissions a focus of hospitals nationwide. Several factors including discharge planning, patient education, diet restrictions, and early follow up appointments can help to reduce readmissions, but continuous monitoring is necessary to catch early signs of decompensation. (Desai & Stevenson, 2012).

Congestive Heart Failure is when the heart's pumping power is weaker than normal. It does not mean the heart has stopped working. The blood moves through the heart and body at a slower rate, and pressure in the heart increases. This means; the heart cannot pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs. The chambers of the heart respond by stretching to hold more blood to pump through the body or by becoming more stiff and thickened. This only keeps the blood moving for a short while. The heart muscle walls weaken and are unable to pump as strongly. This makes the kidneys respond by causing the body to retain fluid and sodium. When the body builds up with fluids, it becomes congested. Many conditions can cause heart

Congestive heart failure is an older name for heart failure. Congestive heart failure takes place when the heart is unable to maintain an adequate circulation of blood in the bodily tissues or to pump out the venous blood returned to it by the veins (Merriam-Webster). The heart is split into two distinct pumping structures, the right side of the heart and the left side of the heart. Appropriate cardiac performance involves each ventricle to extract even quantities of blood over intervals. If the volume of blood reimbursed to the heart develops more than both ventricles can manage, the heart can no longer be an efficient pump.

Diastolic heart failure is also known as heart failure with preserved systolic function or heart failure with normal ejection fraction. Diastolic heart failure can occur alone or with systolic heart failure. Approximately 550,000 individuals in the United States are diagnosed with heart failure and half of them have diastolic heart failure. Diastolic heart failure is mainly common in elderly people with age of 65 or older. Also, it is mainly diagnosed in women than men (Huether and McCance 2012).

Angina is associated with clinical events that can affect prognosis, for example Von Arnim et al

Stable angina, also known as angina pectoris, is more commonly known as chest pain. As simple as it sounds, there are many underlying causes and complications that follow along with this condition. These chest pains are most often accompanied by strenuous activities or prolonged emotional stress. Angina is closely related to coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease leaves the arteries narrowed and restricted, which limits the flow of blood tremendously. Poor blood flow to the heart means poor oxygenation. The muscles in the heart are then oxygen deprived, which is the pain that the patient feels. The pain most often occurs when the cardiac muscles actually need more oxygen at a higher demand than usual, and when the workload on the heart has been increased. There are many conditions that increase the need for more oxygen, such as hyperthyroidism and hypertension. More often than none, rest and/or nitrates usually relieve the pain. If the pain is continuous while resting, the diagnosis can be changed to unstable angina.

     In today’s society, people are gaining medical knowledge at quite a fast pace. Treatments, cures, and vaccines for various diseases and disorders are being developed constantly, and yet, coronary disease remains the number one killer in the world.

Hypertension causes the heart to work harder to push blood around your body. The heart then becomes thicker and stiffer, which makes it less able to do its job. If your heart is not able to pump blood as well as it should, this would be called heart failure. Heart failure can cause fluid to build up in the body and can cause an irregular heartbeat.

Angina is chest pain that occurs when there is not enough blood flow to the heart muscle because the arteries supplied heart become narrowed. The symptoms of angina are dizziness, feeling nausea, restlessness, and breathlessness. It is happened by smoking, stress, and family history. In England, it is more risk of advanced age estimated one in every 30 women between 55 and 64 years (1). for the prevention of angina eat healthy, cutting down on saturated fat, and reducing alcohol exhaustion. Angina diagnosed can be started with a blood pressure test, measured weight, and urine test. Angina has three treatment options. First, there are medication for treating the symptoms if the symptoms relive such as aspirin, nitrates, and beta blockers.