The Effects Of Thalidomide On Women 's Health Problems

A quick history of abortion pills and how they came to be comes from WebMD. The top drug used for abortions is mifepristone also known as RU-486. Testing of the drug began in 1983 when the FDA issued a permit. Jan. 1993 President Clinton asked for the FDA to reconsider their import ban. In 1994-1995 the Population Council the U.S. patent rights for mifepristone, and clinical trials began. In September 1996 the FDA issued an approval for RU-486 to be used as a safe alternative to surgical abortion, but they also said, they wanted more information on how the drug was manufactured and labeled before they could make their final decision. On September 28, 2000 the FDA approved RU-486 as a method for early medical abortion.

Substance abuse first became a big problem around the 1970’s throughout the 1980’s. America was discovering one drug after another to help manage their lives better (newsnarconon, 2009). Methaqualone was one of the first drugs that pharmacists were trying to use to take place of Barbiturate drugs (newsnarconon, 2009). The drug Methaqualone was first used to increase sexual activity, but later it was recognized that it did a great job at helping people sleep, which is why they wanted to use the drug to replace the Barbiturate drugs (newsnarconon, 2009). The pharmacists wanted to replace Barbiturate, because although it was the chosen pill for aid in sleeping, it was also greatly abused to get a high from (newsnarconon, 2009). Along with the high, when people would withdraw from the medication it was life threatening (newsnarconon, 2009).

Issues have recently started developing around the drug since just a few years after it was put onto the market. Hundreds of people have died from taking the drug for the

tried to combat diseases through studying them in depth, and as a result, drugs have been

Thalidomide is a pharmaceutical that was introduced in the 1950's that was a seemingly simple drug that was prescribed to take care of many ailments. Thalidomide was marketed to help with all kinds of symptoms from the flu to morning sickness to something as simple as helping you sleep. It was considered a medical panacea. The drug had many key selling points. Not only could Thalidomide help with many symptoms, it was also marketed as safe for everyone including pregnant women. When testing Thalidomide the LD50 seemed nonexistent. Additionally, as they increased the dose of thalidomide to find a threshold, they found none. (The Shadow of Thalidomide, NYTimes). Thalidomide was sold over the counter in Germany. In some European countries

“Army’s culture has tended to exclude women and some ethnic groups who are under-represented in our ranks. This will prove unsustainable with demographic change over the next few decades… Harnessing the full potential of our workforce is a capability issue rather than a diversity issue for me and I want to remove any artificial impediments to the best use of all of our people” Chief of the Army 2012

The history behind this drug is seconal was made for people with depression and who had suicidal thoughts also who were killing themselves because suicide was increasing so seconal was made and prescribed in 1934. You can go to jail if you're found with seconal and its not prescribed to you because it can kill you or harm your body if you take the pill and you don't really need it. It was also made to give it to people before surgeries to make them sleep during the surgery. It also cures epilepsy,insomnia and sedation.

Jessica is a 25-year-old female who suffers from plaque psoriasis (L40.0). Her symptoms include red, itchy, thick plaques located on her arms and legs, with a 20% BSA. Jessica has tried and failed various treatments including Narrow band UVB, humira, betamethasone, derma-smooth, fluocinonide, clobetasol, hydrocortisone, and otezla, all provided her with little to no relief. Your denial states Jessica must try and fail methotrexate, however, systemic medications such as Methotrexate can cause serious problems with pregnancy and are not advised for patients; male or female, who could parent a child. Furthermore, she is not a candidate for treatment with Methotrexate due to the adverse side effects (which can be fatal) of these treatments. As

According to Professor Janet E. Smith, “98% of all women ages 15-44 have used some type of birth control.” Birth control is not something most women think hard about taking. In today’s society, many people rather take the easy way out of most situations. Instead of dealing with short term pain they rather seize it immediately without paying attention to the long-term effects. Birth Control is used for many different reasons such as preventing pregnancy, clearing acne and stopping heavy blood flow. Once women see what good it does for them they do not even pay attention to the bad, which is where those long-term effects come in. Some harmful side effects of birth control are weight gain, heavy bleeding, and Osteoporosis. Just like any other medication it can be helpful and harmful but in this case birth control is more harmful to a woman’s body than it is helpful.

After having their first child, many women experience hormone imbalance and struggle to get that normal feeling again. Let 's start with what a hormone is. Hormones are a chemical substance that voyage through your bloodstream stimulating cells and tissues into action. Hormones are produced by the endocrine glands and are our body 's dispatchers. It only takes a minuscule amount of hormones to make enormous changes in the body. Hormone imbalance can cause symptoms like depression, acne, fatigue, endometriosis, and insomnia. These are just some of the symptoms I experienced after having my son. After talking to my doctor, I had two options; I could take artificial hormones or I could try to change my diet and take vitamins to get my body to regulate its own hormones. After researching both treatments, I found out that each had their benefits. Artificial Hormones perform quicker than diet and vitamins. Artificial hormones can induce a dependency on prescription drugs and have serious side effects. Diet and vitamins can benefit other divisions of your body. It was a tough choice because I wanted to feel better immediately, but I also wanted to make the healthiest choice for my body.

Thalidomide is a drug that was invented in Germany in the 1950’s. It was originally intended to treat respiratory infections but during testing, it was noted that the drug worked to relieve morning sickness for pregnant women. This new reason allowed the drug to be prescribed to many new patients all over the world. Eventually Thalidomide was discovered to be causing birth defects in all of the pregnant women that were taking it. It caused the fetus to not develop correctly by causing limbs of the body or ears to develop improperly or not develop at all. It also cause spinal cord and digestive system defects as well as problems to the heart and kidneys. Thalidomide stopped being prescribed but not before many children and families were affected worldwide who had taken the drug. It took a couple of years before other countries caught up to realize that thalidomide was causing the birth defects and removed from being an over the counter drug in many countries. It wasn’t until 1961 that it was completely removed after it was confirmed that it was causing birth defects. More than 10000 babies were born with defects and approximately killed 2000 before birth, but fewer than 100 were born here in the U.S.

chemicals. Many women, who took diethylstilbestrol (DES) to prevent miscarriages, increased the risk for breat cancer in their children.

The mechanism of thalidomide was recently discovered. Previously, it was known that the cereblon, a cellular protein, played a role in the function of molecules like thalidomide. However, the specifics were not known. Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug(IMiDs), it modifies the body’s immune response. Cereblon plays a role in the function of these. Cereblon usually binds to proteins CD147 and MCT1. These proteins play a role in blood building and immune cells. They promote growth, metabolism, and the formation of new blood vessels. The two proteins always occur as a pair and they each need the cereblon to find their other half and become activated. The CD147 and the MCT1 binds to the cereblon to promote stability and development. This stimulates

in three patients. Overall, 5 (25 %) PR, 3 (15 %) SD and 12 (60 %) PD was noted. Although there were some responses observed, the authors suggested that despite some responses observed with this therapy, rosiglitazone did not result in clinically significant response [36]. In another study including more patients, increases in radioiodine uptake after[6 weeks of pretreatment with up to 8 mg of rosiglitazone were observed in 26 % of the patients. However, post-therapy decreases in TG levels were only noted in 17 % of cases [37].

There were two important developments in the 1970s which further shaped the industry in the form that we see today. Firstly, the Thalidomide tragedy (where an antiemetic given for morning sickness caused birth defects) led to much tighter regulatory controls on clinical trials, greatly increasing development costs. Secondly, enactment of legislation to set a fixed period on patent protection (typically 20 years from initial filing as a research discovery) led to the appearance of “generic” medicines. Generics medicines are those that have exactly the same active ingredients as the original brand, and compete on price.