The Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injuries On The Brain And Lesions

Being home and at school are the primary locations for students and adolescents and where they spend the most time of their day. When a student is diagnosed with a TBI, it can dramatically affect their school performance. After a student experiences a TBI, school is one one of the many stepping stones where recovery and development is offered and can be used as an intervention. For schools to be able to offer the appropriate educational measures adjusted for the needs of the student, the appropriate support and recovery process for the student, schools having the appropriate documentation and knowledge about the student’s injury.

Traumatic brain injury occurs when a person is hit in the head with a blunt force. This significant force to the head can happen playing recreational sports, on the playground, being in a car or motorcycle accident, falling down at home and your head impacting something, a blast or explosion. Traumatic brain injuries are also the leading cause of fatality rate and disability, especially in children, young adults and elderly. TBI is a devastating condition that affects millions of people nationwide, because it can affect the nervous system permanently, it also messes with the neurological, musculoskeletal, cognitive and much more. TBI force a family to deal with not just the physical disability, with the behavioral and emotional roller

Concussions are complex cerebral injuries that result in a series of metabolic events within the brain. The changes are seen in the fragile neuronal homeostatic balances where changes in the elevations of glutamate and potassium have been identified. The effects of concussions have also been seen in the functioning of the brain rather than in the structure of the brain itself. Being identified as mild traumatic brain injuries, occurring due to a bump or jolt to head or neck, concussions can result in both short-term and long-term effects. Although most individuals are able to recover from these head injuries, a small but relevant portion of individuals have been found to suffer from chronic long-term effects including early onsets of Alzheimer disease, clinical depression and other cognitive complications. The occurrence of a secondary concussion during the recovery phase of a primary concussion, also recognized as the second impact syndrome, has been shown to increase the risk for long-term effects of cerebral and neurological failure as the neurons have become incapable of experiencing normal functions after an initial traumatic brain injury. The recoveries from these initial concussions are critical to prevent the onset of long-term effects.

In the U.S. alone, athletes suffer from roughly 300,000 concussions per year; 3,800,000 concussions were reported in 2012, which is double of what was reported in 2002. A concussion may be defined as a type of traumatic brain injury—or TBI—caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or by a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. This sudden movement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist in the skull, stretching and damaging the brain cells and creating chemical changes in the brain. Concussions are not usually considered life-threatening, but they may result in effects to the brain that may lead to devastating outcomes. Concussions are serious injuries that need to be taken seriously because of their severity and the serious health disorders that may arise.

Physicians describe a concussion as an immediate and transient neural function post traumatic impairment such as vision disturbance, alteration of consciousness, and other signs which result from brainstem involvement. An impulsive force or direct head blows leading to head acceleration are the leading causes of concussion in sports. However, not all reported loss of consciousness mean it is a concussion. The public mostly associates concussion with sports such as football, ice hockey, and boxing and it is not a major problem in other sports. The assumption is that most of these sports-related traumatic brain injuries that occur are concussions. Sports concussion is a

Perhaps one of the least understood injuries is a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), otherwise known as a concussion. Over 1,000,000 concussions occur the United States every year (Majerske et al., 2008), and can be caused by any blow to the head. It is likely that many concussions do not go diagnosed. 300,000 of these concussion have been contributed to sports related injury (Majerske et al., 2008), making the study of sports related concussions in athletes the most important and easiest subjects to study.

The phrase concussion details an injury to the brain occur from an shock to the head from someone(Cunha 1). A calm concussion can affect a loss of awareness feeling dazed or a actual terse loss of consciousness from taking a blow to the head or being knocked down(Cunha 2). A harsh concussion can affect delayed loss of consciousness. A concussion outcome starting with a head shot that is close is a type of injury and do not consist of trauma when there is bleeding in the skull under it(Stoppler 3).

A child who is under the age of puberty is lacking the chemicals in the brain to see the whole picture and make decisions so the wounds that happen in childhood, a time during which the child does not have the capacity to understand, trigger responses not based on the whole picture of the event just happened, it is based on the adrenaline of the events and the relationship of the current event to previous events and trauma stored in the brain. Once a child is traumatized, the child will be more vulnerable to perceiving future events as trauma. In the bible Paul says, “We are not to cast down arguments or strongholds and every high thing that exalts itself against the knowledge of God, and bring every thought into captivity and to the obedience

A concussion is a mild form of traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by a sudden or violent blow, bump, or jolt to the head. Concussions can also occur from a fall or a blow to the body that causes the head to move rapidly back and forth. These types of sudden or violent impacts make the brain accelerate inside of the skull, in movements called coups and contrecoups. These movements lead to the brain striking the front and back of the skull, damaging the delicate and vital organ. The Hippocratic Corpus, a collection of medical works from ancient Greece, is the first written work to mention concussions, and it discusses loss of functions such as speech, hearing and sight that can result from "commotion of the brain"2. The idea of a disruption of mental functions by a "shaking of the brain" remained the accepted understanding of concussions until the 19th century. The Persian physician Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi was the first person to use the term "cerebral concussion" in the 10th century A.D., and his definition of concussions as a transient loss of function with no physical damage, paved the way for the medical understanding of the condition for centuries. Since then we have come a long way in our understanding of concussions, and since concussions are common injuries, a lot is known about how they occur, and what their effects are upon the human body. According to the CDC, 1.6 million to 3.8 million concussions occur each year in the United States and 5-10% of

Recently, former NFL players have appealed a $1 billion plan to address concussions because it excludes the key brain disease that has commonly been associated with football known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy. This is a type of brain decay that has been found in dozens of past football players after they died. Critics of the NFL's plan have insisted that the deal includes future payments for encephalopathy.

The main objective of this study was to identify the extent to which the number of concussions influenced the development of chronic neurological disorders among retired athletes. According to Decq and colleagues (2014), professional athletes are likely to sustain various types of head injuries throughout the course of their careers, depending on the particular sport, and such injuries may have substantial and critical consequences for the individual in the future, including chronic headaches or migraines, mild to severe cognitive disorders, depressive disorders, and neurogenerative diseases. The researchers essentially hypothesized that players with a higher number of concussions would suffer from more cognitive and neurological dysfunction.

This scary article shares traumatizing information dealing with repeated, massive hits to the head in vigorous activities, like football, hockey, and even the war. What happens is people take part in too many brain risking activities and don’t stop after the first sign. Ann McKee, a pathologist at Boston Collage, states that a 25 year old man has blurred vision, major headaches and, and memory loss due to over 10 concussions, not including other massive crushes. McKee says that the man kept playing football until he became abusive and angry. Starting at age eight going to age 24 with an injured brain is an extreme risk. Finally, beat down and rugged, the car ran out of gas in the football world for this man.

Over the past 15 years, many football athletes have received some type of brain trauma due to the contact sport. Although many people blame the NFL, I blame the athletes themselves. I feel as each and everyone of the athletes knew what it was when they signed up. With the glory that comes with the game of playing football, comes the consequences right along with them. Consequences such as that, of an injury. Many tend to blame the Nation Football League, but honestly there is a choice on whether or not they want to continue through. Yes, the referees could have called out more breaks. However, the athletes themselves know when enough is enough. According to, “NFL announces $100 million concussion initiatives”, “ Over the years, the NFL has made rule changes, added independent health monitors to spot potential concussions and fined players and teams for not following the league's concussion protocol.” This quote just goes to show that the NFL is in fact trying to prevent this and that they do care about their players. If players aren’t abiding to the changed rules of the game, then I feel like they’re asking for a concussion. Not only did the NFL added new potential concussion spotters , but they also began fining the players but as well as the team itself. The NFL is doing what they can to prevent the concussions that may take place on the

CTE is a Brain trauma suffered around the world of sports that can kill you As you probably know some sports are violent. Whether it's football, hockey or boxing it's still dangerous especially when other players are charging at you wearing pads or getting ready to throw a punch.In these type of sports people are going to get hurt theres no stoping it, and they should know all the dangers, many blows to the head can cause one of the worst brain traumas in the world CTE.

see that my brain is given to the NFL's brain bank” The brain bank that Duerson was peaking of is the Boston University Medical Center for the study of Traumatic Encephalopathy. This is a center that is specifically for the study of CTE (Ezell 1842). There have been over 46 former NFL players whose brains have been tested and 45 out of 46 tested positive for CTE (Ezell 1842). The NFL has been on the up rise of trying to learn more about CTE but with lack of studies around they aren’t really in too big of a rush to get things handled completely. The NFL recently donated 30 million to the National Institutes of Health for medical research of neurological diseases they donated specifically for concussions. Duerson staged his home so when they found him he would have papers and magazines of the NFL, ESPN and sports illustrated so they can see he clearly knew something was wrong and football may have been the cause. The NFL has taken precaution and changed some of the rules like moved the kickoff 5 yards forward to make it safer, this is to reduce the amount of kick return. Reducing the amount of kick return will reduce the amount of head injuries (concussions) due to the speed build up from running 75 yards to the person who is receiving who is